“…In addition, to robustly detect vehicles, noises from cluttered environment, such as traffics i g n s , shadows and buildings, should be prevented from detection. Therefore in the literature, some researches focus on vehicle detection based on shadow features [6], corner detection [7,8], edge based [9,10], and Haar-like features [11,12]. In addition, Sun et alu s e dG a b o rfilters to extract different textures and then verified each candidate of vehicles using a SVM classifier [13].…”