A new approach to study the sex differences in adipose tissue

Abstract

Obesity is one of the most invaliding and preventable diseases in the United States. Growing evidence suggests that there are sex differences in obesity in human and experimental animals. However, the specific mechanisms of this disease are unknown. Consequently, there is any particular treatment according to the sex/gender at this time. During the last decade, we observe a rise in the study of adipocyte and the possible mechanisms involved in the different roles of the fat. Furthermore, the effect of sex steroids on the adipocyte is one of the fields that need elucidation. Supporting evidence suggests that sex steroids play an essential role not only in the fat distribution, but also, in its metabolism, proliferation, and function. Thus, using in vitro and in vivo studies will contribute to our fight against this critical health public problem encompassing both sexes. In the present review, we discuss some of the recent advances in the adipocytes and the effect of the sex steroids on the adipose tissue. Also, we propose a new alternative to study the role of sex steroids on adipocyte biology through human adipose-derived stem cells.

The sex paradox in the interplay between periodontitis, obesity, and serum C‐reactive protein: Data from a general population

“…Sex hormones play an essential role in the fat distribution, in metabolism, and functional aspects of adipose tissues . This may also explain the different effects of PD on CRP and fibrinogen (Table ) as both of them have opposite correlation with estradiol . Sex‐specific differences in distribution of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots are important in this respect …”

Digital analysis of distant and cancer-associated mammary adipocytes

“…SS and SP were calculated as TP/(TP + FN) and TN/(TN + FP), respectively. The agreements regarding diameter and area were assessed using the Bland–Altman method, Passing–Bablok regression [ 28 ] and concordance correlation analyses. Bland–Altman plots represent the difference of the areas and diameters computed by each software plotted in a head-to-head comparison.…”

The Lipid Handling Capacity of Subcutaneous Fat Is Programmed by mTORC2 during Development

“…For example, the health risks of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events for overweight patients with excessive visceral WAT (VWAT) are higher than for individuals with excess subcutaneous WAT (SWAT) ( Ferrara et al, 2019 ; Lessard and Tchernof, 2012 ; McLaughlin et al, 2011 ). An individual’s body fat set point and ability to grow adipose tissue during development and upon over-nutrition are also variable in the population and between sexes ( Fitzgerald et al, 2018 ; Tchoukalova et al, 2010 ; Tramunt et al, 2020 ). Such complexities suggest that anti-obesity therapies will likely have greater success when personalized.…”