A new approach to the pharmacological regulation of memory: Sarsasapogenin improves memory by elevating the low muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density in brains of memory-deficit rat models

Hu, Yanwei; Xia, Zhenwei; Sun, Qiang; Orsi, Antonia; Rees, Daryl D.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.08.019

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although some early studies showed no significant decrease in M1 receptor expression in the brains of declined memory related disorders (Young & Penney, 1994), more recent studies showed that M1 receptor levels were significantly declined in some important brain regions, such as the cortex and the hippocampus, among the many memory impairment related disorders (Parasi et al, 2007). Further, the declined memory in aged rats can be improved by elevating the expression of M1 receptors in memory related brain regions, such as the hippocampus and the cortex (Hu et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: The association with improvements in long-term memory

et al. 2014

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. (2014). Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: the association with improvements in long-term memory. Neuroscience, 267 57-66.Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: the association with improvements in long-term memory AbstractBackground It is believed that muscarinic M1/4 receptors are closely correlated to the dopaminergic system and are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to regulating lipid metabolism and protection from stroke, statins have been used to regulate the declined cognition. We aimed to explore the regional changes in M1/4 receptors in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat brain. Methods PD rat model was set up by injecting 6-OHDA into the unilateral medial forebrain bundle; while simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or saline was orally administrated for 3 weeks, respectively. Long-term memory was measured using the Morris water maze.[3H]pirenzepine binding autoradiography was applied to investigate the alterations of M1/4 receptors in the PD rat brains. Results 6-OHDA induced long-term memory deficits along with downregulation of M1/4 receptors in the hippocampus, the medial amygdala, the posteromedial cortical and the piriform cortex; simvastatin administration significantly ameliorated the impaired memory and reversed the downregulation of M1/4 receptors in the examined brain regions. Profound positive correlations were verified between the decline in long-term memory activity and the restoration of M1/4 receptors in different brain regions after simvastatin treatment. Conclusions/significance Our results provide strong evidence that M1/4 receptor modulation after simvastatin administration did, at least partially, contribute to the improvement in the long-term memory in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. These results provide a possible mechanism for simvastatin treatment in psycho-neurological diseases such as PD via M1/4 receptors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: The association with improvements in long-term memory

et al. 2014

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“…19) Sarsasapogenin also improved learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice, but did not inhibit AChE or occupy muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding sites. 9) In the preliminary experiment, we found that AA inhibited AChE. We then isolated mangiferin, the main constituent (Ͼ2%) of AA, which was found to be an inhibitor of AChE.…”

Section: Mangiferin Increases Acetylcholine Level Reduced By Scopolammentioning

confidence: 94%

“…9,18,19) Of its constituents, sarsasponin and timosaponin BII enhanced learning and memory in rats with amyloid b-peptide (25-35)-induced dementia. 19) Sarsasapogenin also improved learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice, but did not inhibit AChE or occupy muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding sites.…”

Section: Mangiferin Increases Acetylcholine Level Reduced By Scopolammentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangiferin Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficits in Mice

Jung

Lee

Han

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Some of the herbal medicines may be effective alternatives in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae) is commonly found in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and has been shown to have antidepressant effects in mouse models of behavioral despair tests.2) Sarsasapogenin, 5b,20a,22a,25S-spirostan-3b-ol, is a major active component of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, which exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as the promotion of neurogenesis activity, antioxidative action and improving cognitive impairment [3][4][5] ; however, no information is available about its antidepressant activity. In the present study, we assessed the potential antidepressant effects of sarsasapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides by means of behavioral, pharmacological and neurochemical procedures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Sarsasapogenin, 5b,20a,22a,25S-spirostan-3b-ol, is a major active component of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, which exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as the promotion of neurogenesis activity, antioxidative action and improving cognitive impairment [3][4][5] ; however, no information is available about its antidepressant activity. In the present study, we assessed the potential antidepressant effects of sarsasapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides by means of behavioral, pharmacological and neurochemical procedures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Sarsasapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae)

Ren

Luo

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Depression is a common illness associated with high rates of chronicity, relapse, and recurrence; psychosocial and physical impairment; and a high suicide rate. Nonetheless, many currently available antidepressants have low rates of response and remission. Moreover, contemporary antidepressants can produce many unwanted side effects. 1) Therefore, research for new antidepressants with greater effectiveness without any (or with lower) adverse effects is still desirable.In Oriental society, herbs and herbal preparations have been widely used as medicines by consumers for many centuries. Some of the herbal medicines may be effective alternatives in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae) is commonly found in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and has been shown to have antidepressant effects in mouse models of behavioral despair tests.2) Sarsasapogenin, 5b,20a,22a,25S-spirostan-3b-ol, is a major active component of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, which exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as the promotion of neurogenesis activity, antioxidative action and improving cognitive impairment [3][4][5] ; however, no information is available about its antidepressant activity. In the present study, we assessed the potential antidepressant effects of sarsasapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides by means of behavioral, pharmacological and neurochemical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsSarsasapogenin with a purity of 98% was obtained as described in a previous study.5) In short, the method involved acid hydrolysis, extraction with organic solvent and repeated recrystallization.Animals Male Swiss mice, weighing 20-24 g, were used throughout the study. The animals were supplied by the Experimental Animal Centre of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Mice were maintained under standard housing conditions in a 12L : 12D light/dark cycle (light on 6:30) with free access to water and standard food. Dose and Route of Administration All drugs were suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na. Sarsasapogenin in doses of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg and fluoxetine hydrochloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 14 d. A control group of animals received 0.5% CMC-Na only. The behavioral tests and the neurochemical assay were performed 1 h after the last administration on the 14th day.Forced Swimming Test The forced swimming test (FST) was similar to that described by Porsolt et al. 6) Briefly, mice were individually placed in a glass-polycarbonate cylinder (height: 25 cm; diameter: 10 cm) filled to a depth of 10 cm with water maintained at 24°C and were allowed to swim for 6 min, and the durations of immobility were recorded during the last 4 min of the test. Open-Field TestThe open-field apparatus was a field, 80 cm in diameter, which was demarcated into 36 approximately equal areas. The animals were placed individually in the center of the arena and allowed to explore freely. The number of times the animal crossed squares was recorded for 3 min.D...

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A new approach to the pharmacological regulation of memory: Sarsasapogenin improves memory by elevating the low muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density in brains of memory-deficit rat models

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: The association with improvements in long-term memory

Simvastatin reverses the downregulation of M1/4 receptor binding in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonian rats: The association with improvements in long-term memory

Mangiferin Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficits in Mice

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Sarsasapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae)

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