A New Approach to the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: CO₂ Reduction to Formate by Transfer Hydrogenation in iPrOH

Abstract

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Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

“…A series of Ir and Ru complexes have been exploited for CO 2 hydrogenation to formic acid or formate in alkaline aqueous solution. [269][270][271][272][273]283,284 The catalysts containing the stronger electron donor ligands could accelerate the reaction. 270,283 Ir complex prepared by Himeda et al is homogeneous and highly reactive at the beginning of the reaction; however, it turns into heterogeneous and deactivates at the end of the reaction.…”

Water‐Soluble IrIII N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Based Catalysts for the Reduction of CO2 to Formate by Transfer Hydrogenation and the Deuteration of Aryl Amines in Water

“…[6,7] In the design of these new catalysts, our initial hypothesis was that the high electrondonor character of NHCs, together with their ability to form stable metal complexes, would constitute a very useful type of ligand for the preparation of catalysts for CO 2 activation, as previously proposed by other authors. [8] In our studies, we proposed for the first time that iPrOH could be used as the hydrogen source for the reduction of CO 2 by a transfer-hydrogenation process, [6,7] a reaction that may constitute a valid alternative over the use of hydrogen gas. Following the same idea, we now decided to modify well-known transferhydrogenation catalysts to make them soluble in water, so that they can be applied to the effective reduction of CO 2 to formate in the presence of iPrOH/H 2 O.…”

Utilisation of water soluble iridium catalysts for signal amplification by reversible exchange

“…sulfonates, ammonium salts) is being actively investigated because of the importance of such ligands. 45,46 Related water-soluble Ir III -NHC complexes have been used by Peris et al for the reduction of CO 2 to formate 47,48 and as well for the deuteration of aryl amines. 49 In D 2 O, the corresponding hydride ligand signals of 2b appear at δ -21.07 (J HH = -6.9 Hz, J HP = 16.6 Hz) and δ -22.15 (J HH = -6.9 Hz, J HP = 18.4 Hz), while in methanol-d 4 , they are visible at δ -21.07 (J HH = -6.9 Hz, J HP = 16.4 Hz) and δ -21.97 (J HH = -6.9 Hz, J HP = 18.1 Hz).…”