A new approach to the method of drawing the Gaussen-Walter climate diagram

Abstract

Abstract. In traditional climate diagrams a fixed coefficient (α) between temperature and precipitation has been adopted. It has been shown, however, that such an approach does not correctly describe the conditions of the climatic balance in Poland for the entire growing season. In this paper, a different solution to this problem is proposedthe introduction of a variable coefficient for individual months. The analysis of patterns of climatic variables over the year supports the hypothesis that in order to estimate ETo only by means of mean air temperature (ETo = α·T), the coefficient α should be variable for the individual months of the vegetative period. The values of the coefficient were empirically determined for use in calculating daily and monthly ETo. The newly proposed coefficients α were different from those determined with the standard climate diagram (published by Walter, Lieth 1967). The introduction of the variable value α into the computational model markedly improved the quality of the estimation of ETo.The mean bias errors determined for the estimation of ETo on the basis of temperature and the changing value of α were considerably lower than for the estimation of ETo with a fixed value of α. This provides the possibility of a more accurate presentation of periods of both excess and shortage of precipitation.

Delayed Inhibition of Photosynthetic Performance—Three Linden Species in an Urban Environment

“…For that cause, it is difficult to indicate the exact beginning and duration of such an event [3]. In addition to in-depth techniques testing the soil moisture and evapotranspiration rates, there are also simplified methods that enable the determination of drought events under limited climatic data [33].…”

“…In the original presentation of this diagram, 10 • C corresponds to 20 mm of precipitation. However, as reported by Treder et al [33] for the climatic conditions of Poland, 40 mm (or even 45 mm) would be more appropriate to counterbalance the temperature of 10 • C. For that reason, we applied the modifications proposed by Łukasiewicz [34] with a ratio of 1 • C to 4 mm between the mean temperature of a particular month and the amount of precipitation.…”

Effects of Silicon Application and Groundwater Level in a Subirrigation System on Yield of a Three-Cut Meadow

“…Meteorological conditions for the 2021 growing season are presented using a Gaussen-Walter climate diagram with a modification proposed by Łukasiewicz [31]. The Gaussen-Walter diagram makes it possible to present data, including temperature and precipitation, and allows for estimating precipitation excess or deficit [32]. Łukasiewicz's modification includes using a scale of 10 • C = 40 mm of precipitation, which better reflects the actual conditions in Poland and is used by scientists in research [33,34].…”

Predictive Capacity of Rainfall Data to Estimate the Water Needs of Fruit Plants in Water Deficit Areas

“…This principle can only be met through adequate irrigation management, which requires determining the proper irrigation time [40]. Irrigation time may be determined based on various criteria, including plants [41,42], soil, using probes and tensiometers [16,43], and climatic factors [44,45], based on the assumption that plant water use is determined based on the weather conditions and the plant development phase. According toŻarski et al [40], the most vital part in the case of the water gained is to determine the effective natural precipitation, whereas in the case of the water lost it is evapotranspiration, determined using models requiring either full or limited access to meteorological data.…”