A new architecture for high-frequency variable-load inverters

Perreault, David J.

doi:10.1109/compel.2016.7556684

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To obtain insight from equation (6), one can consider the dependence of k 2 F (k) on k for values of m that are typical of variable-load inverters, somewhere between 0.75 and 3 1 [4], [29]. One can then notice that the quantity k 2 F (k) rapidly increases beyond 1 as k increases, resulting in rapid efficiency degradation as output power backs off.…”

Section: B Load Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Radio-Frequency Power Architectures for Plasma Generation

Bastami

Zhang

Jurkov

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

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Applications such as plasma generation require the generation and delivery of radio-frequency (rf) power into widely-varying loads while simultaneously demanding high accuracy and speed in controlling the output power across a wide range of power levels. Attaining high efficiency and performance across all operating conditions while meeting these system requirements is challenging, especially at high frequencies (10s of MHz) and power levels (1000s of Watts and above). This paper evaluates different architectures that directly address these challenges and enable efficient high-frequency operation over a wide range of output power levels and load impedances with the capability of fast output power control (e.g., within a few microseconds). We review techniques for achieving fast output power control and evaluate their suitability in efficient rf systems demanding accurate and fast control of output power. Two dc-to-rf system architectures utilizing the discussed power control techniques are presented to illustrate both the achievable performance benefits as well as their robustness to load impedance variation, and are compared using time-domain simulations. The results indicate the ability of the proposed architectures to maintain high efficiency (> 90%) across a very wide range of output power levels (e.g., over a factor of up to 85x) while being robust to load impedance variations.

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Section: B Load Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Radio-Frequency Power Architectures for Plasma Generation

Bastami

Zhang

Jurkov

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

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“…The HF variable-load inverter architecture, illustrated in Figure 1, comprises two HF inverters with independentlycontrollable amplitude and phase connected together via an immittance converter [7]. The immittance converter acts as a specialized lossless power combining network through which the two inverters each supply the load while also modulating the effective impedance seen by the other.…”

Section: System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the two inverters are identical, Z 0 is chosen as the "maximum output power impedance" of the inverters, Z m = V max /I max , allowing for full utilization of each inverter. Figure 2 shows the maximum power that can be delivered into a given load impedance by the proposed architecture, assuming identical inverters that can drive any resistive / inductive load within a voltage V max and current I max ; these curves are derived in [7] 1 . Power is normalized to P ri = V max • I max , the maximum output power rating of a single inverter, and impedance is normalized to Z m .…”

Section: System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents a high-frequency inverter system that can directly drive widely-varying load impedances with high efficiency and fast dynamic response. Based on the architecture proposed in [7], the proposed inverter system uses interactions among multiple inverters to maintain desirable loading for the constituent inverters as the load varies. Unlike the related approach in [8], the design here utilizes two individual inverters connected together via an immittance converter, with the voltage and phase of each inverter controlled to deliver the desired load power while maintaining desirable effective driving-point load impedances for each inverter despite wide changes in the system load impedance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High-Frequency Inverter for Variable-Load Operation

Braun

Perreault

2019

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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Inverters operating at high frequency (HF, 3-30MHz) are important to numerous industrial and commercial applications such as induction heating, plasma generation, and wireless power transfer. A major challenge in these applications is that the load impedance can vary dynamically in both real and complex components over a wide range, making it difficult to maintain high-efficiency soft-switched operation. The constraints that a variable load impedance place on high frequency inverter design results in systems that are often bulky, expensive, and inefficient. This paper presents the design, physical prototype, controller, and experimental results of a high-frequency variable load inverter that is able to directly drive widely variable loads with high efficiency. The prototype can deliver 1kW into a 22 ohm load at 95.4% efficiency as well as deliver significant power to a wide range of both capacitive and inductive loads.

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“…While other approaches of achieving resistance compression without requiring such a special set of loads have been proposed (e.g, [20]), it is not possible to achieve control of input impedance with arbitrary precision. In [7], [21], another approach is proposed where the inverters are configured to directly drive the varying load impedance; this, however, can result in substantial over-rating of the constituent inverters, which may not be desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1.5 kW Radio-Frequency Tunable Matching Network Based on Phase-Switched Impedance Modulation

Bastami

Jurkov

Nguyen

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Dynamically-tunable impedance matching is a key feature in numerous radio-frequency (RF) applications at high frequencies (10 s of MHz) and power levels (100s-1000 s of Watts and above). This work develops techniques that enable the design of high power tunable matching networks (TMN) that can be tuned orders of magnitude faster than with conventional tunable impedance matching techniques, while realizing the high power levels required for many industrial applications. This is achieved by leveraging an emerging technique -known as phase-switched impedance modulation (PSIM), which involves switching passive elements at the rf operating frequency -that has previously been demonstrated at rf frequencies at up to a few hundred Watts. In this paper, we develop design approaches that enable it to be practically used at up to many kilowatts of power at frequencies in the 10 s of MHz. A detailed analysis of the factors affecting the losses as well as the tradeoffs of a basic PSIM-based element is provided. Furthermore, it is shown how incorporating additional stages to the PSIM-based element, including impedance scaling and / or the addition of series or shunt passive elements, influences the losses and enables the efficient processing of high power levels given the limitations of available switches. A PSIM-based TMN that matches load impedances to 50 and delivers up to 1.5 kW of power at frequencies centered around 13.56 MHz is implemented and tested over a load impedance range suitable for various industrial plasma processes.

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A new architecture for high-frequency variable-load inverters

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Radio-Frequency Power Architectures for Plasma Generation

Comparison of Radio-Frequency Power Architectures for Plasma Generation

A High-Frequency Inverter for Variable-Load Operation

A 1.5 kW Radio-Frequency Tunable Matching Network Based on Phase-Switched Impedance Modulation

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