A new asset tracking architecture integrating RFID, Bluetooth Low Energy tags and ad hoc smartphone applications

Bisio, Igor; Sciarrone, Andrea; Zappatore, Sandro

doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.01.002

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The energy efficiency of BLE tags was thoroughly studied for various hardware architectures and application scenarios: BLE 121LR platform in the opportunistic data transmission [13], CC 2541 and nRF 51822 in the continuous monitoring application [21], nRF 51822 operating in the connectionless mode [22], and Stick'N'Find tags used as beacons in the localization system [16]. All these works report very low power consumption for the connectionless mode, that is significantly lower than the energy consumed in the connected mode.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are some aspects that suggest that connectionless BLE, when compared to WiFi, ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4, and even sub-GHz solutions, can be better suited for small-to-medium network size IoT applications. Firstly, it does not have the scaling issue, which means that theoretically it can effectively communicate data between thousands of devices, and is often proposed as a method for opportunistic data transmission [13,14], monitoring applications [15], and localization systems based on radio signal strength [3,16]. BLE outperforms other 2.4 GHz technologies in terms of energy costs, throughput, and latency [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of Advertisement-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Communication

Nikodem

Bawiec

2019

Sensors

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This paper addresses the efficiency of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication in a network composed of a large number of tags that transmit information to a single hub using advertisement mode. Theoretical results show that the use of advertisements enables hundreds and thousands of BLE devices to coexist in the same area and at the same time effectively transmit messages. Together with other properties (low power consumption, medium communication range, capability to detect a signal’s angle-of-arrival, etc.), this makes BLE a competing technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, as the number of communicating devices increases, the advertisement collision intensifies and the communication performance of BLE drops. This phenomena was so far analyzed theoretically, in simulations and in small-scale experiments, but large-scale experiments are not presented in the literature. This paper complements previous results and presents an experimental evaluation of a real IoT-use case, which is the deployment of over 200 tags communicating using advertisements. We evaluate the impact of the number of advertisements on the effective data reception rate and throughput. Despite the advertisement collision rate in our experiment varying between 0.22 and 0.33, we show that BLE, thanks to the multiple transmission of advertisements, can still ensure acceptable data reception rates and fulfill the requirements of a wide range of IoT applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of Advertisement-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Communication

Nikodem

Bawiec

2019

Sensors

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“…In IoT-based smart sensing systems (e.g., environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, disaster and emergency response), the sensing data should be exploited in a real/near-real-time manner [7]. In health monitoring (e.g., heart failure detection) systems [5], asset tracking applications [6], and the indoor-positioning systems [7], timely information acquiring is also crucial. Different from traditional systems where communication takes place to reproduce the messages of the source, the delivered information and updates are used to control, or to compute, or to infer in these systems [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Upon-Decisions Minimizing Scheduling in Internet of Things: To Be Random or To Be Deterministic?

Dong

Chen

Liu

et al. 2020

IEEE Internet Things J.

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We consider an Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a sensor delivers updates to a monitor with exponential service time and first-come-first-served (FCFS) discipline. We investigate the freshness of the received updates and propose a new metric termed as Age upon Decisions (AuD), which is defined as the time elapsed from the generation of each update to the epoch it is used to make decisions (e.g., estimations, inferences, controls). Within this framework, we aim at improving the freshness of updates at decision epochs by scheduling the update arrival process and the decision making process. Theoretical results show that 1) when the decisions are made according to a Poisson process, the average AuD is independent of decision rate and would be minimized if the arrival process is periodic (i.e., deterministic); 2) when both the decision process and the arrive process are periodic, the average AuD is larger than, but decreases with decision rate to, the average AuD of the corresponding system with Poisson decisions (i.e., random); 3) when both the decision process and the arrive process are periodic, the average AuD can be further decreased by optimally controlling the offset between the two processes. For practical IoT systems, therefore, it is suggested to employ periodic arrival processes and random decision processes. Nevertheless, making periodical updates and decisions with properly controlled offset also is a promising solution if the timing information of the two processes can be accessed by the monitor.Index Terms-Age of information, age upon decisions, Internet of Things, update-and-decide systems, decision scheduling.

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“…Due to the popularity and development of mobile smart terminals [8], the application of e-seal / lock completely get rid of the dedicated equipment for identification and communication, achieving easy operation at anytime, anywhere and by any authorized person.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were some systems [9] and solutions [10] that employ the RFID or BLE to tags or sensors into goods transportation process. However, some of them are still under the research with the limitation in structure and application at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Practice of the E-seal/E-lock system based on mobile internet

Jiang¹,

Li²

2017

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering, Information Science &Amp; Application Technology (ICCI

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Abstract. With the development of mobile internet and the smartphone, E-seal and E-lock using NFC or BLE technologies become a good choice to prevent the goods stolen or transferred so as to make the logistics safer. This paper introduces a new E-seal/E-lock system based on mobile internet in detail, including system components, the operation process and hardware structure of e-lock, system platform architecture and APP design process etc. Finally, this paper describes the system functions and applications. Combined with the smart phone, the system will have a wide range of applications.

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A new asset tracking architecture integrating RFID, Bluetooth Low Energy tags and ad hoc smartphone applications

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental Evaluation of Advertisement-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Communication

Experimental Evaluation of Advertisement-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Communication

Age-Upon-Decisions Minimizing Scheduling in Internet of Things: To Be Random or To Be Deterministic?

Research and Practice of the E-seal/E-lock system based on mobile internet

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