2015
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1096469
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A new balancing act: The many roles of melatonin and serotonin in plant growth and development

Abstract: Melatonin and serotonin are indoleamines first identified as neurotransmitters in vertebrates; they have now been found to be ubiquitously present across all forms of life. Both melatonin and serotonin were discovered in plants several years after their discovery in mammals, but their presence has now been confirmed in almost all plant families. The mechanisms of action of melatonin and serotonin are still poorly defined. Melatonin and serotonin possess important roles in plant growth and development, includin… Show more

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Cited by 127 publications
(103 citation statements)
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References 160 publications
(186 reference statements)
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“…[14][15][16] Though early steps in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway vary between organisms, serotonin is known to be a required precursor in all organisms, and as such has been found in as diverse of clades as melatonin. 1,5,17 Serotonin is, however, a much more strictly controlled substance and cannot be purchased in supplement form. In fact, it would in most circumstances be an undesirable contaminant, as serotonin overdose can be achieved with relatively low levels and can lead to serious side effects, which in extreme cases can be fatal.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…[14][15][16] Though early steps in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway vary between organisms, serotonin is known to be a required precursor in all organisms, and as such has been found in as diverse of clades as melatonin. 1,5,17 Serotonin is, however, a much more strictly controlled substance and cannot be purchased in supplement form. In fact, it would in most circumstances be an undesirable contaminant, as serotonin overdose can be achieved with relatively low levels and can lead to serious side effects, which in extreme cases can be fatal.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 In all kingdoms melatonin is produced from the aromatic amino acid tryptophan. In the mammalian system, biosynthesis then proceeds via hydroxylation to 5-hydroxytryptophan followed by decarboxylation to form serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plant growth conditions and geographical location may also be an important consideration as is the case for melatonin. Growth from vegetative cuttings vs seeds or specialized processes such as grafting or in vitro propagation, may also effect the indoleamine content of the tissues [20,22] . Despite this diversity, many studies still provide interesting information as to the relative quantities.…”
Section: Discovery and Occurrence Of Serotonin In Plantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The discovery of melatonin in the mid 1990's has bolstered interest in phytoserotonin and research continues to grow in momentum since. With this new interest serotonin has been proposed as both an important phytohormone and stress defense compound, in its own right and in balance with melatonin, to direct plant growth and survival processes [12,13,22] . This balance has recently been compared to the balance between the two most well recognized phytohormones: auxins and cytokinins, whose balance is important in determining plant growth outcomes with high auxin levels promoting root production and high cytokinin levels promoting shoot production [22,32] .…”
Section: Discovery and Occurrence Of Serotonin In Plantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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