A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study  using WRF (version 3.8.1)

Velasquez, Patricio; Messmer, Martina; Raible, Christoph C.

doi:10.5194/gmd-13-5007-2020

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…come into equilibrium. Tests show that the WRF land surface scheme reaches a quasi-equilibrium after approximately 15 days (Velasquez et al, 2020). The initial and boundary conditions for WRF were provided by the global CCSM4 simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of land cover on the climate of glacial Europe

Velasquez¹,

Kaplan²,

Messmer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Earth system models show wide disagreement when simulating the climate of the continents at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This disagreement may be related to a variety of factors, including model resolution and an incomplete representation of Earth system processes. To assess the importance of resolution and land-atmosphere feedbacks on the climate of Europe, we performed an iterative, asynchronously coupled land-atmosphere modelling experiment that combined a global climate model, a regional climate model, and a dynamic vegetation model. The regional climate and land cover models were run at high (18 km) resolution over a domain covering the ice-free regions of Europe. Asynchronous coupling between the regional climate model and the vegetation model showed that the land-atmosphere coupling achieves quasi-equilibrium after four iterations. Modelled climate and land cover agree reasonably well with independent reconstructions based on pollen and other paleoenvironmental proxies. To assess the importance of land cover on the LGM climate of Europe, we performed a sensitivity test where we used LGM climate but present day land cover as boundary conditions. These simulations show that the LGM land-atmosphere feedback leads to colder and drier conditions around the Alps and a warmer and drier climate in southeastern Europe. Even in mid-latitude Europe where the land-atmosphere coupling strength is generally weak, and under glacial conditions with a southward displacement of the storm track and increased importance of the Atlantic, regional climate is significantly influenced by land cover.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of land cover on the climate of glacial Europe

Velasquez¹,

Kaplan²,

Messmer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Recently, the horizontal resolution of RCMs in the paleoclimate context is increased to a level that convection is explicitly resolved (e.g. Velasquez et al, 2020b). This study shows the benefit of higher spatial resolution in particular over areas with complex terrain such as the Alps.…”

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confidence: 68%

“…Comparing LGM LGM with PD PD illustrates the entire effect of changes in the external forcing and in the surface conditions (sea level drop, land cover and northern hemispheric ice sheets). Note that the LGM LGM simulation is evaluated against proxy evidence (Prentice and Jolly, 2000;Wu et al, 2007;Kaplan et al, 2016) showing an improved LGM climate state in the WRF simulation (Velasquez et al, 2020b, a) compared to the driving CCSM4 simulations (Hofer et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Comm) Additionally the Lgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Ice-Sheet Topography in the Alpine Hydro-Climate at Glacial Times

Velasquez

Messmer

Raible

2021

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Abstract. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the glacial Alpine hydro-climate to northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet changes. Bridging the scale gap by using a chain of global and regional climate models, we perform sensitivity simulations of up to 2 km horizontal resolution over the Alps for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4). In winter, we find wetter conditions in the southern part of the Alps during LGM compared to present day, to which dynamical processes, i.e., changes in the wind speed and direction, substantially contribute. During summer, we find the expected drier conditions in most of the Alpine region during LGM, as thermodynamics suggests drier conditions under lower temperatures. The MIS4 climate shows enhanced winter precipitation compared to the LGM, which is explain by its warmer climate compared to the LGM – thus, again explained by thermodynamics. The sensitivity simulations of the northern hemispheric ice-sheet changes show that an increase of the ice-sheet thickness leads to a significant intensification of glacial Alpine hydro-climate conditions, which is mainly explained by dynamical processes. Changing only the Fennoscandian ice sheet is less influential on the Alpine precipitation, whereas modifications in the local Alpine ice-sheet topography significantly alter the Alpine precipitation, in particular we find a reduction of summer precipitation at the southern face of the Alps when lowering the Alpine ice sheet. The findings demonstrate that the northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet topography play an important role in regulating the Alpine hydro-climate and thus permits a better understanding of the precipitation patterns in the complex Alpine terrain at glacial times.

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“…Roucoux et al (2005) and Ludwig et al (2018) also suggested that this region during LGM sensu stricto was warmer and wetter than the end of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3, ca. 23 ka; Voelker et al, 1997;Kreveld et al, 2000) and the start of the Heinrich event 1 (H1, ca. 19 ka; Sanchez Goñi and Harrison, 2010;Álvarez-Solas et al, 2011;Stanford et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison and Discussion Of The Modelled And Reconstructed Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Earth system models show wide disagreement when simulating the climate of the continents at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This disagreement may be related to a variety of factors, including model resolution and an incomplete representation of Earth system processes. To assess the importance of resolution and land–atmosphere feedbacks on the climate of Europe, we performed an iterative asynchronously coupled land–atmosphere modelling experiment that combined a global climate model, a regional climate model, and a dynamic vegetation model. The regional climate and land cover models were run at high (18 km) resolution over a domain covering the ice-free regions of Europe. Asynchronous coupling between the regional climate model and the vegetation model showed that the land–atmosphere coupling achieves quasi-equilibrium after four iterations. Modelled climate and land cover agree reasonably well with independent reconstructions based on pollen and other paleoenvironmental proxies. To assess the importance of land cover on the LGM climate of Europe, we performed a sensitivity simulation where we used LGM climate but present-day (PD) land cover. Using LGM climate and land cover leads to colder and drier summer conditions around the Alps and warmer and drier climate in southeastern Europe compared to LGM climate determined by PD land cover. This finding demonstrates that LGM land cover plays an important role in regulating the regional climate. Therefore, realistic glacial land cover estimates are needed to accurately simulate regional glacial climate states in areas with interplays between complex topography, large ice sheets, and diverse land cover, as observed in Europe.

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A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study using WRF (version 3.8.1)

Cited by 39 publications

References 112 publications

The role of land cover on the climate of glacial Europe

The role of land cover on the climate of glacial Europe

The Role of Ice-Sheet Topography in the Alpine Hydro-Climate at Glacial Times

The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe

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