A New Brief Screen for Adolescent Substance Abuse

Knight, John R.; Shrier, Lydia A.; Bravender, Terrill; Farrell, Michelle E.; Bilt, Joni Vander; Shaffer, Howard J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.6.591

Cited by 510 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The VCU Institutional Review Board approved the protocol. Adolescents were screened for substance use with the CRAFFT, a youth substance use screener with six yes/no questions to determine level of substance use risk (Knight et al, 1999). Participants with scores of two or three, indicating at-risk status for substance use disorder, were enrolled in the study; those with higher scores were referred to their physician and provided resource information.…”

Section: Procedures and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Network Counseling as Brief Treatment for Urban Adolescent Heavy Cannabis Users

Mason

Sabo

Zaharakis

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: A small body of evidence supports targeting adolescents who are heavy users of cannabis with brief interventions, yet more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these studies. We conducted a secondary analysis of our Peer Network Counseling (PNC) study (Mason et al., 2015), focusing on 46 adolescents of the sample of 119 who reported heavy cannabis use at baseline. Method: Urban adolescents (91% African American) presenting for primary health care were randomized to intervention or control conditions and followed for 6 months. We selected cases (n = 46) to analyze based on heavy cannabis use reported at baseline ( 10 times in past month). The ordinal response data (cannabis use) were modeled using a mixed-effects proportional odds model, including fixed effects for treatment, time, and their interaction, and a subject-level random effect. Results: In the subsample of adolescents with heavy cannabis use, those assigned to PNC had a 35.9% probability of being abstinent at 6 months, compared with a 13.2% probability in the control condition. Adolescents in the PNC condition had a 16.6% probability of using cannabis 10 or more times per month, compared with a 38.1% probability in the control condition. This differs from results of the full sample (N = 119), where no significant effects on cannabis use were found. Conclusions: PNC increased the probability of abstinence and reduced heavy cannabis use. These results provide initial support for PNC as a model for brief treatment with non-treatmentseeking adolescents who are heavy users of cannabis. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 78, 152-157, 2017)

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Section: Procedures and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Network Counseling as Brief Treatment for Urban Adolescent Heavy Cannabis Users

Mason

Sabo

Zaharakis

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…A screening instrument for detecting substance abuse in youth was used (Knight et al, 1999). Scores range from 0 to 9; scores of 2 or higher indicate problem substance use.…”

Section: Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Thriving and Adapting: Resilience, Sense of Community, and Syndemics among Young Black Gay and Bisexual Men

Reed

Miller

2016

American J of Comm Psychol

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We examined resilience associated with the avoidance of psychosocial health conditions (i.e., syndemics) that increase vulnerability for HIV among young Black gay and bisexual men. We used analytic induction to compare a sample of 23 men who showed no evidence of syndemic conditions to a sample of 23 men who experienced syndemic conditions. The men who avoided syndemics reported supportive relationships with people who helped them to develop a strong sense of identity, provided them with opportunities to give back to their communities, and promoted positive norms about health. In contrast, the men experiencing syndemic conditions described numerous instances of trauma and oppression that infringed upon their desire to form positive relationships. Among these men, experiences of oppression were associated with shame, identity incongruence, social isolation, relational disconnection, mistrust of men, and expectations of further marginalization. We examined participants' experiences through the framework of the psychosocial sense of community. Results of this study provide evidence for using strength-based intervention strategies to prevent syndemic conditions. Findings suggest that to attenuate socio-structural barriers to health and comorbid psychosocial health concerns, interventions must address young men's social isolation and promote positive identity and sense of community. Keywords SyndemicsHIV prevention Gay and bisexual men Black men Resilience Adolescents and young adults

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“…21 The CRAFFT screening tool was preferred to other instruments because it was designed specifically for adolescents and screens for multiple substances, and the questions are easy to understand. 21,22 The validity and reliability of the CRAFFT tool have been tested in various settings, 21,23,24 but it should be noted that no validation studies on the CRAFFT tool have been conducted in South Africa. Knight et al 21 found that validity of the instrument was not significantly influenced by gender, race or age.…”

Section: Measurement Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

2012

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Introduction. Adolescent substance use has a number of adverse consequences for both the individual and society. Anecdotal evidence suggested the existence of a serious substance use problem among learners in Atteridgeville, part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. Objectives. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence rates and age of initiation of substance use among learners attending secondary schools in Atteridgeville, and the factors, if any, associated with cannabis use.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster sampling technique was employed. Twenty-two of the total of 191 grade 8 - 11 classes in the nine Atteridgeville secondary schools were randomly selected, with all 895 learners in the selected classes being invited to participate. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using the survey estimation commands in STATA 10.0. Results. The lifetime prevalence rates for the three most commonly used substances were 51.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.5 - 61.5%) for alcohol, 25.2% (95% CI 17.1 - 33.3%) for cigarettes and 13.2% (95% CI 8.3 - 18.2%) for cannabis. Alcohol was also found to have the lowest mean age of initiation at 14.6 years (standard deviation 2.0). Based on CRAFFT screening scores, 30.3% (95% CI 24.5 - 36.1%) of learners met the criteria for possible problem substance use. Following multivariate analysis, the factors found to be significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use were age, gender, lifetime cigarette use, lifetime alcohol use, the number of illicit drug users among the learners’ five closest friends, and an older sibling with a history of illicit drug use.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that substance use among learners in Atteridgeville is widespread and that a comprehensive intervention strategy is required.

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A New Brief Screen for Adolescent Substance Abuse

Cited by 510 publications

References 14 publications

Peer Network Counseling as Brief Treatment for Urban Adolescent Heavy Cannabis Users

Peer Network Counseling as Brief Treatment for Urban Adolescent Heavy Cannabis Users

Thriving and Adapting: Resilience, Sense of Community, and Syndemics among Young Black Gay and Bisexual Men

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

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