A New Bronze Age Mega-fort in Southeastern Europe: Recent Archaeological Investigations at Gradište Iđoš and their Regional Significance

Molloy, Barry; Jovanović, D; Bruyère, C.; Marić, Miroslav; Bulatović, Jelena; Mertl, Patrick; Horn, Christian; Mirković-Marić, Neda

doi:10.1080/00934690.2020.1734899

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Medium and long-distance trade, the intensity of metallurgical and agricultural production generated unprecedented accumulations of wealth during LBA II, reflected in three hoards of gold ornaments and numerous bronze deposits. During the 13th century B.C., it can be observed in the Lower Mures Basin a series of violent destructions of the major fortifications (Gogaltan et al, 2019a;Lehmphul et al, 2019;Sava, 2019;Molloy et al, 2020). It should be noted that the number of discoveries associated with LBA III (approx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometrical Characterization of Romanian Late Bronze Age Ceramic Fragments

et al. 2021

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Knowledge of the past can provide information to protect the future and the potential of the technological development in the analytical sciences can be successfully applied for the study and conservation of cultural objects. In this context, in the present paper we propose an analytical methodology to characterize seven samples of ancient ceramic objects (dating to the Late Bronze Age). The samples were analyzed using optical microscopy, and all the samples presented a strong inhomogeneity on the surface, as suggested by the different colors of the ceramics. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results reveal a relatively heterogenous composition of the samples, as well as strong differences between the different surfaces of each sample. By comparative analysis of the diffractograms recorded for both sides of the same samples were observed some differences, especially in terms of relative concentration of the component minerals, and, in lesser content, in terms of new phases present in the samples. Corroborated results obtained by XRF and X-ray diffraction (XRD) offered information regarding mineralogical composition of the samples: for some of them illite/muscovite and plagioclase phases are present in higher quantities or a lower quartz content. The presence of these components was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The thermal analysis completes the analytical investigation of the ceramic samples. The thermal behavior of the sample conducted to some explanation regarding the observed differences, due to the raw materials (that the major clay mineral in the samples is represented by illite) or to environmental factors during their burial in the soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometrical Characterization of Romanian Late Bronze Age Ceramic Fragments

et al. 2021

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“…Rod-tanged sword: In the middle of the last century it was suggested that rod-tanged swords might be a shape that originated from the casting tails left of Vernaison type swords (McArdle 1969). Further, two origins have been put forward for these types of swords.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Banatian DeathMetals: Radiocarbon Dating of Cremation Burials of the Setting Bronze Age and Dawning Iron Age

DARÓCZI,

BĂLĂRIE,

OLSEN

et al. 2023

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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The lack of radiocarbon measurements of funerary contexts is a major shortcoming of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age of the Eastern Carpathian Basin, especially in the Banat region. The present batch of samples tries to address these drawbacks, by detailing sampling strategies, employed pre-treatment and by providing a robust and coherent dataset of radiocarbon measurements. Implications of the new radiocarbon dates is discussed from a supra-regional perspective, while keeping aspects of typo-chronology, circulation of goods, and social nuances of employment of Bronze Age bronzes in the forefront. Ten burials were selected from four Banatian burial grounds according to the occurrence of metal finds in the funerary inventories. Beyond establishing a broad frame of absolute chronology for these sites of interment, the radiocarbon data provide reliable arguments for the precise attribution of metal discoveries. In addition, the data allow us to challenge some previously stated chronological assignments.

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“…Most hillforts are known from surveys and appear to be densely distributed in the territory. Some evidence from Dalmatia suggests that a marked increase in the building of hillforts took place during the LBA, when in neighboring regions in the interior (from present Serbia to Hungary and Romania) some forts were gargantuan (more than 1700 ha), so much so that the term mega-fort has been proposed (Molloy et al 2020). Closer to the sea, the main problem remains understanding whether these fortified hillforts were in use simultaneously and/or may have had different functions.…”

Section: Settlement Patterns and Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC)

et al. 2021

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The Late Bronze Age (1700–900 BC) represents an extremely dynamic period for Mediterranean Europe. Here, we provide a comparative survey of the archaeological record of over half a millennium within the entire northern littoral of the Mediterranean, from Greece to Iberia, incorporating archaeological, archaeometric, and bioarchaeological evidence. The picture that emerges, while certainly fragmented and not displaying a unique trajectory, reveals a number of broad trends in aspects as different as social organization, trade, transcultural phenomena, and human mobility. The contribution of such trends to the processes that caused the end of the Bronze Age is also examined. Taken together, they illustrate how networks of interaction, ranging from the short to the long range, became a defining aspect of the “Middle Sea” during this time, influencing the lives of the communities that inhabited its northern shore. They also highlight the importance of research that crosses modern boundaries for gaining a better understanding of broad comparable dynamics.

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A New Bronze Age Mega-fort in Southeastern Europe: Recent Archaeological Investigations at Gradište Iđoš and their Regional Significance

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Archaeometrical Characterization of Romanian Late Bronze Age Ceramic Fragments

Archaeometrical Characterization of Romanian Late Bronze Age Ceramic Fragments

Banatian DeathMetals: Radiocarbon Dating of Cremation Burials of the Setting Bronze Age and Dawning Iron Age

Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC)

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