A new calculation method of viscoplastic heat production generated by plastic flow of friction stir welding process

Yan, Fang; Zhang, Yucun; Shen, Jiuli; Fu, Xiang; Mi, Songtao

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124795

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is well known in the literature that a rise in the tool RPM will raise the plastic flow, and will increase the viscoplastic heat generation and the total heat input during the FSW. However, the effect of rotational speed is greater than that of the traverse speed [64][65][66].…”

Section: Surface Appearance and Macrostructurementioning

confidence: 96%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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The friction stir welding (FSW) process was recently developed to overcome the difficulty of welding non-ferrous alloys and steels. In this study, dissimilar butt joints between 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and AISI 316 stainless steel were welded by FSW using different processing parameters. The grain structure and precipitates at the different welded zones of the various joints were intensively characterized by the electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD). Subsequently, the FSWed joints were tensile tested to examine the mechanical strength compared with that of the base metals. The micro-indentation hardness measurements were conducted to reveal the mechanical responses of the different zones in the joint. The EBSD results of the microstructural evolution showed that a significant continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) occurred in the stir zone (SZ) of the Al side, which was mainly composed of the weak metal, Al, and fragmentations of the steel. However, the steel underwent severe deformation and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The FSW rotation speed increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 126 MPa at a rotation speed of 300 RPM to 162 MPa at a rotation speed of 500 RPM. The tensile failure occurred at the SZ on the Al side for all specimens. The impact of the microstructure change in the FSW zones was significantly pronounced in the micro-indentation hardness measurements. This was presumably attributed to the promotion of various strengthening mechanisms, such as grain refinement due to DRX (CDRX or DDRX), the appearance of intermetallic compounds, and strain hardening. The aluminum side underwent recrystallization as a result of the heat input in the SZ, but the stainless steel side did not experience recrystallization due to inadequate heat input, resulting in grain deformation instead.

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Section: Surface Appearance and Macrostructurementioning

confidence: 96%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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“…As it is well known that heat is generated by the friction between the stirring tool and workpiece and via plastic deformation during the FSW process, a fraction of plastic deformation energy is stored in the thermos-mechanically deformed region in the form of increased defect densities [8,35]. Besides, during severe deformation, the recovery and recrystallization often take place simultaneously in the materials [22,36].…”

Section: Duration and Effect Of High Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Study on Welding Temperature and Joint Characteristics of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Ultrasonic and Heat Pipe Assisted FSW

Wei

Chen

et al. 2022

Metals

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As an important factor in friction stir welding (FSW) process, temperature directly affects the microstructures and mechanical properties of welded joints. The present work aims to investigate the welding temperature and joint characteristics of AZ31 magnesium alloy under three FSW conditions: conventional friction stir welding (FSW), ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding (UaFSW), and ultrasonic and heat pipe assisted friction stir welding (UHaFSW), respectively. The results show that the welding temperature distributions and the characteristic of “non-uniformity” are presented in the FSW and UaFSW joints along the welding and horizontal directions. Compared with conventional FSW, UaFSW can effectively balance and improve the non-uniform temperature distribution in the joints, resulting in the significant decreases in the peak temperatures and durations of high temperature. Hence, the grains are refined in the microstructure of the nugget zone in the UHaFSW joints, which enhances their microhardness and tensile properties. Based on these results, it can be concluded that UHaFSW could be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy welded joints.

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Investigation of temperature distribution, microstructure evolution, and weld performance in stir friction welded joints of 6061 aluminum alloys

Wang,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This paper investigates the relationship among welding process parameters, weld flow viscosity, welding heat generation, finite difference method (FDM) heat dissipation model, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties during friction stir welding (FSW) of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Throughout the study, it was experimentally verified that the temperature inside the weld does not always increase on the AS side compared to the RS side under different welding process parameters, and the highest temperature did not always occur when the stirring pin passed through. As the flow viscosity is dependent on the weld temperature, and viscosity and temperature have corresponding inhibitory and promoting effects on the formation of intergranular structures in the weld, it is shown that the plastic flow of material differs at different positions in the weld nugget, subsequently affecting the macroscopic mechanical properties of the weld.

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A new calculation method of viscoplastic heat production generated by plastic flow of friction stir welding process

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Comparison Study on Welding Temperature and Joint Characteristics of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Ultrasonic and Heat Pipe Assisted FSW

Investigation of temperature distribution, microstructure evolution, and weld performance in stir friction welded joints of 6061 aluminum alloys

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