A new cascade impactor for aerosol sampling with subsequent PIXE analysis

Maenhaut, Willy; Hillamo, Risto; Mäkelä, Timo; Jaffrezo, J.‐L.; Bergin, M. H.; Davidson, C. I.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(95)00955-8

Cited by 132 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The two contributions were square summed to give the overall uncertainties. The raw elemental size distribution data of the individual SDI samples were converted into smooth distributions using the inversion code MICRON [30] and lognormal curves were then fitted to the latter, so that the elemental mass concentration, geometric mean aerodynamic diameter (GMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the different contributing modes were obtained.…”

Section: Particle Elemental Size Distribution: Dekatimentioning

confidence: 99%

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t sStreaker/Dekati/PIXE are suitable to study high-intensity short-lived firework events. Fireworks related elements showed >80% elemental mass in the submicrometric region. Resuspended soil dust is an important source of atmospheric particles in these shows. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tTypical of festivals in Eastern Spain, mascletàs are high-intensity pyrotechnic events where thousands of firecrackers are burnt in an intense, rapid episode that generates short-lived heavy aerosol clouds. High temporal resolution and size distribution characterisation of aerosol components were performed to evaluate the effects of the brief (<30 min) and acute exposure on the spectators present. Very high concentrations of firework specific elements, especially in the fine fraction, were reached during mascletàs, with values of about 500 g/m 3 for K and 300 g/m 3 for Cl. Sr, Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, Co, Zn, and Pb concentration increase factors of more than 100 (1000 for Sr and Ba) were observed in the fine fraction with respect to background levels. Crustal origin elements, like Ca, Fe, Si, Ti, also showed an important concentration rise (∼10 times above background levels) but this is due to dust resuspension by pyrotechnic explosions. The crustal components are mainly in the coarse mode (>90% elemental mass), between 2 and 3 m. Most firework related metals are concentrated in the submicrometric region (>80%) with a trimodal size distribution. This may be interesting to epidemiologists given the toxic effects that such fine, metal-rich particles can have on human health.

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Section: Particle Elemental Size Distribution: Dekatimentioning

confidence: 99%

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…PM 10 particulate matter was monitored using an Eberline FH 62 I-R Particulate monitor and ozone concentration was measured continuously by a Thermo Electron 49C. Finally, regular sampling of TSP using filters and PM 10 Small Deposit area low pressure Impactor sampling (SDI; Maenhaut et al, 1996) was provided to determine the chemical composition of the observed atmospheric particles.…”

Section: Measurements and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size distributions in the Eastern Mediterranean troposphere

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Atmospheric particle size distributions were measured on Crete island, Greece in the Eastern Mediterranean during an intensive field campaign between 28 August and 20 October, 2005. Our instrumentation combined a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and measured number size distributions in the size range 0.018 µm-10 µm. Four time periods with distinct aerosol characteristics were discriminated, two corresponding to marine and polluted air masses, respectively. In marine air, the sub-µm size distributions showed two particle modes centered at 67 nm and 195 nm having total number concentrations between 900 and 2000 cm −3 . In polluted air masses, the size distributions were mainly unimodal with a mode typically centered at 140 nm, with number concentrations varying between 1800 and 2900 cm −3 . Super-µm particles showed number concentrations in the range from 0.01 to 2.5 cm −3 without any clear relation to air mass origin. A small number of short-lived particle nucleation events were recorded, where the calculated particle formation rates ranged between 1.1-1.7 cm −3 s −1 . However, no particle nucleation and growth events comparable to those typical for the continental boundary layer were observed. Particles concentrations (Diameter <50 nm) were low compared to continental boundary layer conditions with an average concentration of 300 cm −3 . The production of sulfuric acid and its subsequently condensation on preexisting particles was exCorrespondence to: N. Mihalopoulos (mihalo@chemistry.uoc.gr) amined with the use of a simplistic box model. These calculations suggested that the day-time evolution of the Aitken particle population was governed mainly by coagulation and that particle formation was absent during most days.

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“…The PM 10 inlet in front of the SFU was of the Gent type (Hopke et al, 1997). An SDI multi-jet low-pressure cascade impactor (Maenhaut et al, 1996) was used to collect highly size-resolved aerosol particle samples in 12 size fractions (aerodynamic cut-off diameter between 0.045 and 8.39 µm). Nuclepore polycarbonate membrane filters were used as collection substrates and they were greased with vacuum grease solved in toluene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and toxicological effects of particles from the interaction between tyres, road pavement and winter traction material

Gustafsson¹,

Blomqvist²,

Gudmundsson³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

204

129

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In regions where studded tyres and traction material are used during winter, e.g. the Nordic countries, northern part of USA, Canada, and Japan, mechanically generated particles from traffic is the main reason for high particle concentrations in busy street-and road environments. In many Nordic municipalities the European environmental quality standard for inhalable particles (PM 10 ) is exceeded due to these particles. In this study, particles from the wear of studded and studless friction tyres on two pavements and traction sanding were generated using a road simulator. The particles were characterized using particle sizers, PIXE and electron microscopy. Cell studies were conducted on particles sampled from the tests with studded tyres and compared with street environment, diesel exhaust and subway PM 10 , respectively. The results show that in the road simulator, where resuspension is minimised, studded tyres produce tens of times more particles than friction tyres. Chemical analysis of the sampled particles shows that the generated wear particles consists almost entirely of minerals from the pavement stone material, but also that S is enriched for the submicron particles and that Zn is enriched for friction tyres for all particles sizes. The chemical data can be used for source identification and apportionment in urban aerosol studies. A mode of ultra-fine particles was also present and is hypothesised to originate in the tyres. Further, traction material properties affect PM 10 emission. The inflammatory potential of the particles from wear of pavements seems to depend on type of pavement and can be at least as potent as diesel exhaust particles. The results implies that there is a need and a good potential to reduce particle emission from pavement wear and winter time road and street operation by adjusting both studded tyre use as well as pavement and traction material properties.

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A new cascade impactor for aerosol sampling with subsequent PIXE analysis

Cited by 132 publications

References 15 publications

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Particle size distributions in the Eastern Mediterranean troposphere

Properties and toxicological effects of particles from the interaction between tyres, road pavement and winter traction material

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