A new case of the enigmatic Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) in a fox from the Czech Republic

Hodžić, Adnan; Mitková, Barbora; Modrý, David; Juránková, Jana; Frgelecová, Lucia; Forejtek, P; Steinbauer, Vladimír; Duscher, Georg Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2016.02.005

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…(16S rRNA and groEL genes) were found later in a fox from the Czech Republic (Hodžić et al . 2017 a ) and in an European badger ( Meles meles ) from Hungary (Hornok et al . 2017), expanding our knowledge on geographic distribution and host association for this enigmatic bacterium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission ofHepatozoon canis

et al. 2017

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Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the most abundant wild canid species in Austria, and it is a well-known carrier of many pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of protozoan, bacterial and filarial parasites transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods in a red fox population in western Austria. Blood (n = 351) and spleen (n = 506) samples from foxes were examined by PCR and sequencing and the following pathogens were identified: Babesia canis, Babesia cf. microti (syn. Theileria annae), Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. and Bartonella rochalimae. Blood was shown to be more suitable for detection of Babesia cf. microti, whilst the spleen tissue was better for detection of H. canis than blood. Moreover, extremely low genetic variability of H. canis and its relatively low prevalence rate observed in this study may suggest that the parasite has only recently been introduced in the sampled area. Furthermore, the data presented here demonstrates, for the first time, the possible vertical transmission of H. canis from an infected vixen to the offspring, and this could explain the very high prevalence in areas considered free of its main tick vector(s).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission ofHepatozoon canis

et al. 2017

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“…The obtained rrs and groEL sequences showed to be closely related to the raccoon associated “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” from North America but clearly distinct from the Ixodes ricinus transmitted zoonotic “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” found in Eurasia ( 97 ). Later, this agent was also detected in foxes (0.8%) from Czech Republic ( 7 ), in an European badger ( Meles meles ) from Hungary ( 98 ) and, more recently, in foxes (0.4%) in Western Austria ( 32 ) and in raccoon dogs (30%) from Poland ( 15 ) (Table 2 ). More studies are necessary in order to isolate this new agent as well as investigate its geographic distribution and host range.…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Among wild canids, A. phagocytophilum has been molecularly detected in gray foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) (9%) from northern California, USA ( 59 ), red foxes from Italy (0.5–16.6%) ( 18 , 30 ), Germany (8.2%) ( 21 ), the Netherlands (9.9%) ( 22 ), Romania (2.55%) ( 24 ), Hungary (12.5%) ( 26 ), Switzerland (2.4%) ( 27 ), Czech Republic (0.8%) ( 7 ), Austria (0.6%) ( 32 ), raccoon dogs from Germany (23%) ( 21 ), golden jackals ( Canis aureus ) from Serbia (0.9%) ( 8 ), and raccons dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ) from Korea (1%) ( 16 ). In Africa, Anaplasma sp.…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Recently, the incidence and awareness of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals have increased due to several factors, which in association favor the chances of contact among wild animals and their ectoparasites, domestic animals and humans. Wild and domestic carnivores are considered the primary source of tick-borne zoonotic agents to humans. Among emergent tick-borne pathogens, agents belonging to family Anaplasmataceae (Order Rickettsiales) agents stand out due their worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential. In this review we aimed to review the genetic diversity of the tick-transmitted genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” in wild carnivores Caniformia (Canidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae) and Feliformia (Felidae, Hyanidae, Procyonidae and Viverridae) worldwide, discussing the implications for human and domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been identified as hosts for Anaplasma spp. (A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma ovis, A. platys), Ehrlichia canis and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) and may contribute to the maintaenance of A. phagocytophilum in Europe. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been reported as hosts for E. canis, A. bovis, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” and A. phagocytophilum, and play a role in the maintenance of A. phagocytophilum in the USA. Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) may play a role as hosts for A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum. New Ehrlichia and/or Anaplasma genotypes circulate in wild canids and felids from South America and Africa. While Ehrlichia sp. closely related to E. canis has been reported in wild felids from Brazil and Japan, Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. phagocytophilum has been detected in wild felids from Brazil and Africa. Red foxes and mustelids (otters) are exposed to E. canis in countries located in the Mediaterranean basin, probably as a consequence of spillover from domestic dogs. Similarly, E. canis occurs in procyonids in North (raccoons in USA, Spain) and South (Nasua nasua in Brazil) Hemispheres, in areas where E. canis is frequent in dogs. While “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” seems to be a common and specific agent of raccoons in the USA, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) seems to show a broader range of hosts, since it has been detected in red fox, golden jackal (Canis aureus) and badger (Meles meles) in Europe so far. Brown (Ursus arctos) and black (Ursus americanus) bears seem to play a role as hosts for A. phagocytophilum in the North Hemisphere. Anaplasma bovis has been detected in wild Procyonidae, Canidae and Felidae in Asia and Brazil. In order to assess the real identity of the involved agents, future works should benefit from the application of MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing), WGS (Whole Genome Sequencing) and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies aiming at shedding some light on the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae agents.

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“…Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been detected by molecular methods in many carnivore species. In red foxes, it has been detected in Italy [11, 12], Germany [13], the Netherlands [14], Romania [15], Hungary [16], Switzerland [17], the Czech Republic [18, 19] and Austria [20]. In raccoon dogs, A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern Poland

et al. 2019

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Background: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. It is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal health. In Europe, the pathogen is mainly transmitted among a wide range of vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), badgers (Meles meles), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes sp.) and European polecats (Mustela putorius), using molecular methods. Methods: In the present study, 174 spleen samples were collected from adult, wild carnivores hunted in the years 2013-2016. A short fragment (383 bp) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence was used as a marker to identify A. phagocytophilum in spleen samples collected from carnivores using nested PCR. Results: The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores was 31.61% (55/174). Seven sequences of A. phagocytophilum were generated from two raccoon dogs, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat. Six identical nucleotide sequences were obtained from one raccoon dog, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat (A. phagocytophilum sequences 1: MH328205-MH328209, MH328211), and these were identical to many A. phagocytophilum sequences in the GenBank database (100% similarity). The second sequence (A. phagocytophilum sequence 2: MH328210) obtained from the raccoon dog shared 99.74% identity with A. phagocytophilum sequence 1. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use molecular methods to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dog, badger, marten and European polecat, in Poland. The detected A. phagocytophilum sequences (1 and 2) were closely related with those of A. phagocytophilum occurring in a wide range of wild and domestic animals and vectors.

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A new case of the enigmatic Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) in a fox from the Czech Republic

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission ofHepatozoon canis

Occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission ofHepatozoon canis

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern Poland

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