A new case of zoonotic onchocercosis in northern Kyushu, Japan

Fukuda, Masako; Uni, Shigehiko; Otsuka, Yasushi; Eshita, Yuki; Nakatani, Jun; Ihara, Kentaro; YOSHIKAWA, Yasuji; Goto, Mizuki; Fujiwara, Sakuhei; Ramli, Rosli; Azirun, Mohd Sofian; Takaoka, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2015.07.006

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, Dirofilaria has to be morphologically differentiated from filarial Onchocerca species in cross sections of subcutaneous tissues because both are causative agents in subcutaneous nodules and vectored by black flies, while their final hosts are different. The body width of O. dewittei japonica collected from wild boars was previously reported to be 85–135 μm [ 18 – 21 ]. The cuticle of Dirofilaria species (final host: wild boar) has internal projections, whereas O. dewittei japonica does not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined human case of Dirofilaria ursi infection in dorsal subcutaneous tissue and Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) infection in ventral subcutaneous tissue

et al. 2017

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Background Dirofilaria ursi is a filarial nematode that parasitizes the subcutaneous tissues of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) and Japanese black bear (Ursus thiabetanus japonicus). D. ursi that has parasitized black bears has the potential to subsequently infect humans. In addition, extra-gastrointestinal anisakiasis is less common in Japan.Case presentationWe report a case of ventral subcutaneous anisakiasis and dorsal subcutaneous dirofilariasis that was acquired in Fukushima, in the northern part of Japan. The patient was an 83-year-old Japanese female, and subcutaneous parasitic granulomas were present on her left abdomen (near the navel) and left scapula. A pathological examination of the surgically dissected tissue sections from each region demonstrated eosinophilic granulomas containing different species of parasites. To enable the morphological and molecular identification of these parasites, DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded sections using DEXPAT reagent, and the cytochrome oxidase 2 (COX2), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S and ITS2 regions of the Anisakis larvae, and the 5S rRNA region of the male Dirofilaria were sequenced. The PCR products were examined and compared with DNA databases. Molecular analysis of the COX2 and 5S rRNA sequences of each worm revealed that the nematode found in the ventral region belonged to Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and the male Dirofilaria found in the dorsal region was classified as D. ursi.ConclusionThe present case showed a combined human case of D. ursi and A. simplex s.s. infections in subcutaneous tissues. The results of this study will contribute to the identification of unknown parasites in histological sections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined human case of Dirofilaria ursi infection in dorsal subcutaneous tissue and Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) infection in ventral subcutaneous tissue

et al. 2017

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“…The common clinical sign related with this infection is local swelling, so the pathology of the infection does not depend on Onchocerca species but on the invaded tissue [118]. As previously described, most of the Onchocerca species infecting animals but found in humans are detected by the appearance of subcutaneous nodules [124]. Nodules can grow in size, swell, and itch, and some of them are painful [124].…”

Section: What Are the Lesions And Clinical Signs That Onchocerca Specmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…So far, 40 cases of Onchocerca species infecting animals have been described in humans worldwide, and all of them are within the Holarctic region [68,96,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] (Figure 2). Among these cases in humans, O. lupi was the most prevalent species identified, followed by O. dewittei japonica and, to lesser extent, O. jakutensis, O. gutturosa, and O. cervicalis.…”

Section: Does Onchocerciasis Have a Zoonotic Character?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2015, 12 reports of Onchocerca species infecting animals have been described in humans [68,96,118,119,[121][122][123][124][125][126]. Five of them were caused by O. lupi, which was found in the upper cervical spinal cord, conjunctiva, head, and forearm of five individuals diagnosed in the United States [121,122].…”

Section: Does Onchocerciasis Have a Zoonotic Character?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of them were caused by O. lupi, which was found in the upper cervical spinal cord, conjunctiva, head, and forearm of five individuals diagnosed in the United States [121,122]. Six more cases were reported in Japan, caused by O. dewittei japonica, which was isolated from the upper extremities in five individuals [123][124][125][126] or from the head of one person [96]. The most recent case was caused by O. jakutensis and was found in the vitreous body of the eye of a man from Poland [68].…”

Section: Does Onchocerciasis Have a Zoonotic Character?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic Implications of Onchocerca Species on Human Health

et al. 2020

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The genus Onchocerca includes several species associated with ungulates as hosts, although some have been identified in canids, felids, and humans. Onchocerca species have a wide geographical distribution, and the disease they produce, onchocerciasis, is generally seen in adult individuals because of its large prepatency period. In recent years, Onchocerca species infecting animals have been found as subcutaneous nodules or invading the ocular tissues of humans; the species involved are O. lupi, O. dewittei japonica, O. jakutensis, O. gutturosa, and O. cervicalis. These findings generally involve immature adult female worms, with no evidence of being fertile. However, a few cases with fertile O. lupi, O. dewittei japonica, and O. jakutensis worms have been identified recently in humans. These are relevant because they indicate that the parasite’s life cycle was completed in the new host—humans. In this work, we discuss the establishment of zoonotic Onchocerca infections in humans, and the possibility of these infections to produce symptoms similar to human onchocerciasis, such as dermatitis, ocular damage, and epilepsy. Zoonotic onchocerciasis is thought to be an emerging human parasitic disease, with the need to take measures such as One Health Strategies, in order to identify and control new cases in humans.

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