A new cell-to-cell interaction model for epithelial microfold cell formation and the enhancing effect of epidermal growth factor

Chaikhumwang, Puwich; Nilubol, Dachrit; Tantituvanont, Angkana; Chanvorachote, Pithi

doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.054

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Despite this, clusterin was recently used to mark M cells in a proposed, novel Caco-2/Raji co-culture protocol published by Chaikhumwang et al. 29 (refer to Table 1). They reported no clusterin expression in Caco-2 cells alone, as demonstrated by Western blotting.…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported no clusterin expression in Caco-2 cells alone, as demonstrated by Western blotting. 29 This disparity in published data indicates more studies are required to determine whether clusterin can be used as a reliable human M cell marker across various human models.…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters are still used frequently to identify M cells in in vitro human M cell models. 29,38,43 Indeed, due to the lack of a universally applicable gene or protein markers, the most definitive way of confirming M cell presence is to visualize M cells with electron microscopy. For example, TEM is often used to visualize the characteristic disrupted brush border phenotype associated with the apical membrane of M cells.…”

Section: Morphological Indicators Of M Cell Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, M cells have been studied extensively in many species in both in vivo and in vitro systems, with varying degrees of success. 7,10,13,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The most commonly used and best validated models for the in vivo study of M cells are murine models. In mice, several reported studies have successfully targeted murine M cell markers to enhance the bioavailability of an orally delivered compound in vivo.…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple approaches have been used in an attempt to identify M cells in such co-culture models. These include electron microscopy, 6,29 binding of lectins (UEA-1, WGA and PNA), 40 expression of glycoproteins (Gp-2), 10 alkaline phosphatase activity 36 and expression of cellular adhesion markers such as NCAM and VCAM. 21,37 Although it is well established that Gp-2 is the only marker of mature M cells cross-reactive between human and mouse known-to-date, 10,30 Caco-2/Raji co-culture-based systems have not successfully applied this marker systematically in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying human and murine M cellsin vitro

Klisuric

Thierry

Delon

et al. 2019

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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M cells are an epithelial cell population found in the follicle-associated epithelium overlying gut-associated lymphoid tissues. They are specialized in the transcytosis of luminal antigens. Their transcytotic capacity and location in an immunocompetent environment has prompted the study of these cells as possible targets for oral drug delivery systems. Currently, the models most commonly used to study M cells are restricted to in vivo experiments conducted in mice, and in vitro studies conducted in models comprised either of primary epithelial cells or established cell lines of murine or human origin. In vitro models of the follicle-associated epithelium can be constructed in several ways. Small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells can be cultured into a 3D organoid structure where M cells are induced with RANKL administration. Additionally, in vitro models containing an “M cell-like” population can be obtained through co-culturing intestinal epithelial cells with cells of lymphocytic origin to induce the M cell phenotype. The evaluation of the efficiency of the variations of these models and their relevance to the in vivo human system is hampered by the lack of a universal M cell marker. This issue has also hindered the advancement of M cell-specific targeting approaches aimed at improving the bioavailability of orally administered compounds. This critical review discusses the different approaches utilized in the literature to identify M cells, their efficiency, reliability and relevance, in the context of commonly used models of the follicle-associated epithelium. The outcome of this review is a clearly defined and universally recognized criteria for the assessment of the relevance of models of the follicle-associated models currently used. Impact statement The study of M cells, a specialized epithelial cell type found in the follicle-associated epithelium, is hampered by the lack of a universal M cell marker. As such, many studies lack reliable and universally recognized methods to identify M cells in their proposed models. As a result of this it is difficult to ascertain whether the effects observed are due to the presence of M cells or an unaccounted variable. The outcome of this review is the thorough evaluation of the many M cell markers that have been used in the literature thus far and a proposed criterion for the identification of M cells for future publications. This will hopefully lead to an improvement in the quality of future publications in this field.

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Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%