A new class of uncoupling agents — Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones

Heytler, Peter G.; Prichard, W. W.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(62)90189-4

Cited by 351 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To determine whether this interpretation applied to the uptake curves shown in Figure 4, we conducted uptake studies in the presence of CCCP, an anionic protonophore and metabolic inhibitor (Heyter and Prichard, 1962). Exposure to CCCP has also been shown to dramatically depolarize the electrical potential across the plasma membrane of plant cells , which could inhibit the electrical driving force for divalent cation uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

1998

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We investigated Zn compartmentation in the root, Zn transport into the xylem, and Zn absorption into leaf cells in Thlaspi caerulescens, a Zn-hyperaccumulator species, and compared them with those of a related nonaccumulator species, Thlaspi arvense. 65 Zncompartmental analysis conducted with roots of the two species indicated that a significant fraction of symplasmic Zn was stored in the root vacuole of T. arvense, and presumably became unavailable for loading into the xylem and subsequent translocation to the shoot. In T. caerulescens, however, a smaller fraction of the absorbed Zn was stored in the root vacuole and was readily transported back into the cytoplasm. We conclude that in T. caerulescens, Zn absorbed by roots is readily available for loading into the xylem. This is supported by analysis of xylem exudate collected from detopped Thlaspi species seedlings. When seedlings of the two species were grown on either low (1 M) or high (50 M) Zn, xylem sap of T. caerulescens contained approximately 5-fold more Zn than that of T. arvense. This increase was not correlated with a stimulated production of any particular organic or amino acid. The capacity of Thlaspi species cells to absorb 65 Zn was studied in leaf sections and leaf protoplasts. At low external Zn levels (10 and 100 M), there was no difference in leaf Zn uptake between the two Thlaspi species. However, at 1 mM Zn 2؉ , 2.2-fold more Zn accumulated in leaf sections of T. caerulescens. These findings indicate that altered tonoplast Zn transport in root cells and stimulated Zn uptake in leaf cells play a role in the dramatic Zn hyperaccumulation expressed in T. caerulescens.Phytoextraction is an emerging technology that involves the use of vascular plants to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals and/or radionuclides (Nanda Kumar et al., 1995). This approach is based on the ability of higher plants to absorb contaminants from the soil and translocate them to their shoots. The identification of several metalhyperaccumulator plant species (Baker and Brooks, 1989;Baker et al., 1998) demonstrates that the genetic potential exists for successful phytoremediation of contaminated soils. One of the best-known metal hyperaccumulators is Thlaspi caerulescens J&C Presl, which has been reported to have a great potential for extraction of Zn and Cd from metalliferous soils (Reeves and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

1998

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“…S2A). The ATP synthesis inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), is a universal uncoupler of protonmotive force and ATP synthase (Heytler and Prichard, 1962;Terada, 1981;Supplemental Fig. S2B), and Valinomycin is a specific potassium ionophore that dissipates membrane potential, Dc but not DpH (Harold, 1969;Gómez-Puyou and Gómez, 1977;Yildiz et al, 1994;Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Light Wavelength Required To Maintain the Activities Of Pptcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and CO₂/cAMP Signal Cross Talk on the Promoter Elements of Chloroplastic β-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

et al. 2015

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Our previous study showed that three CO 2 /cAMP-responsive elements (CCRE) CCRE1, CCRE2, and CCRE3 in the promoter of the chloroplastic b-carbonic anhydrase 1 gene in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pptca1) were critical for the cAMPmediated transcriptional response to ambient CO 2 concentration. Pptca1 was activated under CO 2 limitation, but the absence of light partially disabled this low-CO 2 -triggered transcriptional activation. This suppression effect disappeared when CCRE2 or two of three CCREs were replaced with a NotI restriction site, strongly suggesting that light signal cross-talks with CO 2 on the cAMP-signal transduction pathway that targets CCREs. The paralogous chloroplastic carbonic anhydrase gene, ptca2 was also CO 2 /cAMP-responsive. The upstream truncation assay of the ptca2 promoter (Pptca2) revealed a short sequence of 2367 to 2333 relative to the transcription-start site to be a critical regulatory region for the CO 2 and light responses. This core-regulatory region comprises one CCRE1 and two CCRE2 sequences. Further detailed analysis of Pptca2 clearly indicates that two CCRE2s are the cis-element governing the CO 2 /light response of Pptca2. The transcriptional activation of two Pptcas in CO 2 limitation was evident under illumination with a photosynthetically active light wavelength, and an artificial electron acceptor from the reduction side of PSI efficiently inhibited Pptcas activation, while neither inhibition of the linear electron transport from PSII to PSI nor inhibition of ATP synthesis showed an effect on the promoter activity, strongly suggesting a specific involvement of the redox level of the stromal side of the PSI in the CO 2 /light cross talk.

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“…To investigate whether the very slow development of Ca 2 '-regulated force in the EGTA-treated muscles before Triton was the result of active sequestration of Ca 2+ within the muscles, 10 mM caffeine or 10 AM CCCP was added to the bathing solutions to block Ca 21 uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Weber, 1971) or mitochondria (Heyder and Prichard, 1962), respectively, or 5 mM NaN3 was added to block mitochondrial ATPase activity (Fanburg, 1964). Typical results are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Some characteristics of Ca2+- regulated force production in EGTA-treated muscles from rat heart.

Kentish¹,

Jewell²

1984

The Journal of General Physiology

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McClellan and Winegrad (1980, J. Gen. Physiol., 75:283-295) have reported that in rat ventricular muscles that have reportedly been made "hyperpermeable" to small ions such as Ca2+, CaEGTA2-, and MgATP2- by a soak in EGTA, the maximum Ca2+-regulated force can be permanently increased by a short exposure to positively inotropic drugs, such as epinephrine or cAMP plus theophylline, in the presence of the detergent Triton X-100. The experiments reported here were begun as an attempt to repeat and extend this important observation. However, no evidence could be found for a potentiation of force that was not merely produced by Triton alone. In addition, the thickest muscles used (250-440 microns diameter) exhibited very low values for force per unit cross-sectional area, which suggested that either Ca2+ reached only a fraction of the myofibrils or the myofibrils were in a state of low contractility. The results of further experiments that were designed to test the permeability characteristics of these EGTA-treated muscles indicated that the movement of certain ions into these preparations was restricted, even in thin muscles (80-200 microns diameter). The rate of development of Ca2+-regulated force was slow (t1/2 approximately equal to 1-3 min), but was greatly accelerated after the muscles had been superfused with Triton X-100 (t1/2 approximately equal to 10-20 s). Removal of creatine phosphate (CP) in the presence of MgATP produced a partial rigor contracture in the EGTA-treated muscles. The results were consistent with the suggestion that the EGTA-treated muscles were permeable to some extent to Ca2+ and HCP2- ions but not to CaEGTA2- and MgATP2-. Thus, it would seem unlikely that the [Ca2+], [MgATP2-], and [Mg2+] in the immediate vicinity of the myofibrils in these preparations can be adequately controlled by the solution bathing the muscles.

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A new class of uncoupling agents — Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones

Cited by 351 publications

References 3 publications

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Light and CO₂/cAMP Signal Cross Talk on the Promoter Elements of Chloroplastic β-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Some characteristics of Ca2+- regulated force production in EGTA-treated muscles from rat heart.

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A new class of uncoupling agents — Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones

Cited by 351 publications

References 3 publications

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Altered Zn Compartmentation in the Root Symplasm and Stimulated Zn Absorption into the Leaf as Mechanisms Involved in Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Light and CO2/cAMP Signal Cross Talk on the Promoter Elements of Chloroplastic β-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Some characteristics of Ca2+- regulated force production in EGTA-treated muscles from rat heart.

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Light and CO₂/cAMP Signal Cross Talk on the Promoter Elements of Chloroplastic β-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum