A New Classification of Seed Proteins: Application to the Aleurins of Arachis hypogaea

Altschul, Aaron M.; Neucere, Navin J.; Woodham, A. A.; Dechary, J. M.

doi:10.1038/203501a0

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although Ahrus was placed in the Vicieae by Bentham and Hooker (1865), in following Hutchinson's classification, we have not included Abrus in this tribe, but in the monogeneric tribe Abreae. The globulin pattern of A. precatorius is very different from those of the five genera of the Vicieae, and from genera of any other of the tribes examined, lending support to Hutchinson's elevation of the genus to tribal status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Disc Electrophoretic Study of Globulin Proteins of Legume Seeds With Reference to Their Systematics

1967

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SUMMARYThe globulins extracted from a number of ditferent species of legume seeds have been subjected to disc electrophoresis. In the hmited sample surveyed, the tribes Mcieae, Phaseoleae, Diocleae, Trifolieae and Dalbergieae were each characterized by a distinctive protein band pattern. When the globulins of genera from the Loteae, Galacteae and Glycineae were examined, two types of protein band patterns were obtained which were distinctive for each tribe. A wider range of protein band patterns were obtained when genera of the Cajaneae were examined. The one species of Abnis examined possessed a globulin protein band pattern which ditTered from the patterns found in any other genera of the tribes examined.If the findings reported here can be extended to a much greater range of genera without significant change, then for some tribes within the Legummosae a distinctive protein band pattern can be obtained when their seed globulins are electrophorized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Disc Electrophoretic Study of Globulin Proteins of Legume Seeds With Reference to Their Systematics

1967

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“…The storage proteins of seeds have recently been named "aleurins," denoting a cytological localization of the major seed proteins (2).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF COTYLEDONARY TISSUE FROM GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. SEEDS

Yatsu

1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Quiescent cottonseeds stored in a dry, anaerobic situation for over a year have been shown to contain cells whose contents are ultrastructurally similar to those of normal, fully hydrated plant cells. Plastids, mitochondria, and nuclei of the cells of cotyledon tissue in dry seeds possess normal-looking double membranes even under conditions of extreme desiccation. Previous reports have indicated on the basis of light microscopic work, that the cells of certain dry seeds do not possess nuclear membranes or mitochondria. The cells of the dry cottonseed do contain these structures, however. Dictyosomes have not been observed in the spongy parenchymal cells of the cotyledon tissue; it is suggested that they are concerned with translocation and/or utilization of material. The storage materials in the cells, protein and oil, are contained in vacuolar areas enclosed by a single membrane.Seeds offer a convenient base line in ontogenetic studies of the plant. Many ultrastructural studies have been directed to the terminal stages of seed development (7,8,12,17,27) or to the initial stages of seed germination (4,10,18,22,28), but relatively few studies have been conducted on the dry seed per se. Yet an understanding of the final changes on maturation and the first events of germination requires information on the mature, quiescent seed as a point of reference.Studies of biochemical changes in seeds which have initiated germination processes (1, 9, 31) show a dramatic rise in activity of many enzymes within a very short time. Wasserman (29), working with light microscopy, was unable to see mitochondria in cells of the dry seed. However, within 12 to 24 hours after the seeds had imbibed water, mitochondria in cells became visible, presumably arising de novo. Thus, it is obvious that changes occur quite rapidly in seeds after imbibition of water.Unfortunately, most electron microscope studies have been conducted on seeds which were allowed to imbibe water for various periods prior to fixation (16,18,25,28). Since rapid changes do occur in seeds upon imbibition of water, any technique involving imbibition of water, even for short periods, may not reflect their original condition. The paucity of studies on dry seeds is probably due to the extreme difficulty of working with them. This study, therefore, was undertaken to determine the structure of cells in dry, quiescent seeds fixed directly without prior hydration. MATERIALS AND METHODSA master sample of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Acala 4-42-77, Glandless) harvested in Fall, 1962 was stored in a vacuum desiccator with a desiccant at 3°C and subsamples were removed as needed. Sections of tissue approximately 0.3 mm in diameter were cut carefully from the seed and fixed immediately in two different fixatives, osmium tetroxide and permanganate salts. OSMIUM :Since earlier work indicated that various solvents deranged the normal structure of the dry

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“…The concept that proteins in subcellular particles (aleurone grains) should be called "aleurins" was proposed for the classification of seed proteins (3). Studies of these particles in the peanut have been reviewed (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 Present address: Service de Chimie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris 15e, France. 3 Present address: Oilseed Crops Laboratory, SURDD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunochemical Studies on Arachis hypogaea Proteins With Particular Reference to the Reserve Proteins. I. Characterization, Distribution, and Properties of α-Arachin and α-Conarachin

1969

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Abstract. Fourteen antigenic constituents have been detected in A rachis hypogaea seeds. The major proteins of the classic arachin and conarachin fractions have been identified. Arachin contains 4 antigens (the major one called a-arachin) and conarachin contains 2 which have been called a,, and a2-conarachin. Structural differences between a-arachin, a1 and a2-conarachin are indioated by their different antigenic specificities. a-Arachin precipitates as a separate entity at low temperature. The action of trypsin on this protein induces an increase in electrophoretic mobility and prevents precipitation at low temperature. This enzyme has no detectable effect on a., and a,-conarachin.The proteins of the ootyledon and of the entire axis are quite similar in their immunoelectrophoretic patterns. However, quantitative and qualitative differences oocur between the proteins found in the cotyledon and those of the 1-millimeter tip of the axis. In the latter, there is a 4-fold smaller proportion of a-arachin than in the cotyledon. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of subcellular preparations from cotytedons confirms that a-arachin is an aleurin and that c1-conarachin is a typical cytoplasmic protein. Large and small aleurone grains appear very similar in their qualitative antigenic composition.Proteins extracted from mature seeds of Arachis hypogaea appear heterogeneous by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, ultracentrifugation and polvacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7, 10). Moreover, 2 of the reserve proteins, a-arachin and a-conarachin, associate or dissociate under different conditions of pH and ionic strength (17,18,19) to make the precise identification of individual components difficult or even uncertain. The fact that these 2 proteins exhibit similar electrophoretic mobilities (16) suggests structural similarities.Because of their high degree of specificity, immunological methods offer another approach for the study of peanut proteins. A general picture of the total proteins was established and the 2 major reserve proteins were characterized after submission to phys-

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A New Classification of Seed Proteins: Application to the Aleurins of Arachis hypogaea

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

A Disc Electrophoretic Study of Globulin Proteins of Legume Seeds With Reference to Their Systematics

A Disc Electrophoretic Study of Globulin Proteins of Legume Seeds With Reference to Their Systematics

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF COTYLEDONARY TISSUE FROM GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. SEEDS

Immunochemical Studies on Arachis hypogaea Proteins With Particular Reference to the Reserve Proteins. I. Characterization, Distribution, and Properties of α-Arachin and α-Conarachin

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