A new colorimetric micro-determination of free fatty acids in serum

Noma, Akio; Okabe, Hiroaki; Kita, Masami

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(73)90468-3

Cited by 237 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…8 Plasma fasting free fatty acids (FFA) were determined with a calorimetric method. 9 Plasma glucose was determined enzymatically, 10 whereas plasma insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay using precipitation with polyethylene glycol. 11 Biochemical measurements were performed at rest on a different day than exercise tests but during the same week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle low attenuation area and maximal fat oxidation rate during submaximal exercise in male obese individuals

et al. 2001

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BACKGROUND: Muscle triacylglycerols (TG) are known to be a source of energy during submaximal exercise. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether an index of muscle fat content is related to maximal fat oxidation rate (FATOX max ) in 58 obese men (mean age 45.5 AE 0.8 (s.e.) y, body weight 95.3 AE 1.4 kg, percentage fat 31.1 AE 0.6%). DESIGN: FATOX max was defined as the highest value of fat oxidation rate, measured by indirect calorimetry, while walking on a treadmill (4.3 km=h) at three different slopes: 0% (40 AE 1% of VO 2max ), 3% (47 AE 1% of VO 2max ) and 6% (58 AE 1% of VO 2max ). Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured with the underwater technique and scans were obtained by computed tomography (CT) at the mid thigh level to assess areas of adipose tissue within skeletal muscle, ie deep adipose tissue (DAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (M) and low attenuation skeletal muscle (LAM, range of attenuation values 0 -34 Hounsfield units). LAM and DAT were used as indices of skeletal muscle fat content. RESULTS: FATOX max , adjusted for age, was correlated with FFM (r ¼ 0.25, P < 0.05), LAM (r ¼ 0.28, P < 0.05), DAT (r ¼ 0.23, P < 0.05), abdominal visceral adipose tissue (r ¼ 0.26, P < 0.05) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels (r ¼ 0.36, P < 0.05) but not with SAT (r ¼ 0.07). In a stepwise linear multiple regression, plasma FFA, age and LAM significantly predicted FATOX max (r 2 ¼ 0.27). Each independent variable explained about 9% of the FATOX max variance. CONCLUSION: LAM makes a significant but weak contribution to the modulation of fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in obese men.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle low attenuation area and maximal fat oxidation rate during submaximal exercise in male obese individuals

et al. 2001

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“…Concentrations of glucose [19] triglyceride [20], cholesterol [21], and NEFA [22], were measured enzymatically, and insulin was determined by RIA [23]. The concentration of glycated haemoglobin was measured by microaffinity chromatography column [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glipizide treatment on postprandial lipaemia in patients with NIDDM

et al. 1994

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SummaryThe primary goal of the present study was to examine the effects of improved glycaemic control associated with glipizide treatment on postprandial lipaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin was assessed by measuring the retinyl palmitate content in plasma and the Svedberg flotation index (Sf) > 400 and Sf 20-400 lipoprotein fractions. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations (14.5 + 0.5 vs 9.0 + 0.5 mmol/1), glycated haemoglobin levels (13.1 + 0.6 vs 9.7 _+ 0.6 %), and daylong plasma glucose concentrations were all significantly lower after glipizide treatment (p < 0.001). The improvement in glycaemic control was associated with increases in insulin-mediated glucose uptake (p < 0.001) and plasma post-heparin lipoprotein and hepatic lipolytic activities Go < 0.02). Both fasting plasma triglyceride (3.09 + 0.51 vs 2.37 + 0.34 mmol/1), and postprandial triglyceride concentrations (p < 0.05-0.001) were lower following glipizide treatment, associated with a significant fall in retinyl palmitate content in all three lipoprotein fractions (p < 0.02-0.001), with the most substantial decrease seen in the Sf 20-400 fraction. These data indicate that glipizide-induced improvement in glycaemic control was associated with changes in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin that would be anticipated to reduce risk of coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (1994) proteins of intestinal origin were higher in patients with NIDDM [2]. In 1979 Zilversmit [3] suggested that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin, especially the cholesteryl ester-rich chylomicron remnants, could play a very important role in atherogenesis, and since then, several reports have been published supporting this hypothesis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Thus, our observation that postprandial lipaemia was increased in NIDDM raised the possibility that abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally-derived lipoproteins may contribute to the increased risk of CHD in these patients. Although we could not detect any correlation in our earlier paper between the magnitude of postprandial lipaemia and the level of glycaemic control, the crosssectional nature of the study protocol was not designed to carefully explore such a relationship. Consequently, we initiated the current study to see if improved glycaemic control associated with glipizide

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“…NEFA levels were measured on stored specimens from a subsample of 699 South Asian and European subjects examined during the last year of the study, chosen to yield approximately equal numbers of men and women matched for age and date of examination. The EDTA plasma used for NEFA determinations 11 was separated and frozen on dry ice immediately after taking the blood samples, stored at -80°C, and transported to the Stanford laboratory on dry ice. These precautions are adequate to prevent hydrolysis of triglycerides to NEFAs even when no esterase inhibitor is used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of plasma triglyceride and apoB levels to insulin-mediated suppression of nonesterified fatty acids. Possible explanation for sex differences in lipoprotein pattern.

McKeigue

Laws

Chen

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

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To test whether a sex difference in insulin-mediated suppression of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) could account for sex differences in plasma triglyceride levels, we studied 632 normoglycemic men and women of European and South Asian descent aged 40 to 69 years. Mean fasting NEFA levels were 19% higher in women than in men. Between fasting and 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load, NEFA levels fell by 69% in women and 55% in men, so that mean NEFA levels at 2 hours after loading were 19% lower in women than in men. Plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels were correlated with 2-hour NEFA levels in each sex and ethnic group, and these associations were independent of glucose, insulin, and central obesity. These results are consistent with experimental studies of the effects of insulin and NEFAs on hepatic production of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. Suppression of NEFA levels in response to insulin is greater in women than in men, and this may account for some of the sex differences in lipoprotein pattern and coronary heart disease risk. {Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1993;13:1187-1192) KEY WORDS • triglyceride • apo B • insulin • fatty acids, nonesterified • obesity • sex factors • glucose T he higher coronary heart disease risk in men compared with women may be related to sex differences in lipoprotein pattern. 1 In comparison with women, men have higher levels of very-lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and a higher proportion of small, dense particles in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. -4 The metabolic basis of these differences is poorly understood, although in both men and women HDL-C levels and LDL composition are closely dependent on plasma triglyceride levels. 56 Sex differences in the regulation of plasma triglyceride could thus account for some of the other sex differences in lipoprotein pattern.In a large population survey we demonstrated that elevated triglyceride levels and other metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance were more prevalent in people of South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) descent than in Europeans, and that in both of these groups plasma triglyceride levels were higher in men than in women. 7 We also observed that the fall in plasma triglycerides in response to a glucose load was greater in women than in men: in Europeans the average change between fasting and 2 hours after loading was -6% in men and -16% in women, whereas in South Asians the average changes were -1% and -8%, respectively. 7Most triglycerides in plasma are carried in VLDL particles, which are produced in the liver and contain apoB. Elevation of VLDL triglyceride levels is closely related to an impairment in the ability of insulin to suppress nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), 89 which are the principal substrate for hepatic triglyceride synthesis. 10 We suggested that sex differences in the regulation of NEFA levels by insulin might thus account for the sex di...

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A new colorimetric micro-determination of free fatty acids in serum

Cited by 237 publications

References 4 publications

Skeletal muscle low attenuation area and maximal fat oxidation rate during submaximal exercise in male obese individuals

Skeletal muscle low attenuation area and maximal fat oxidation rate during submaximal exercise in male obese individuals

Effect of glipizide treatment on postprandial lipaemia in patients with NIDDM

Relation of plasma triglyceride and apoB levels to insulin-mediated suppression of nonesterified fatty acids. Possible explanation for sex differences in lipoprotein pattern.

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