A new concept: the use of neutrally-buoyant microemulsions for DNAPL remediation

Kostarelos, Konstantinos; Pope, Gary A.; Rouse, B.A.; Shook, G. Michael

doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(98)00091-6

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore the downward DNAPL mobilization observed in their experiments was the inevitable result of their experimental conditions. Kostarelos et al [1998] show an example of a sand tank experiment using the same surfactant system that did not show any downward mobilization. As shown in Figure 12, surfactant floods conducted at Hill AFB and Camp Lejeune also show much lower angles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid during surfactant flooding by design simulations

Jin

Hirasaki

Jackson³

et al. 2007

Water Resources Research

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[1] Sand tank experiments have been used to study a surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) process during which downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) has been observed in some of these experiments. Through numerical simulation of one particular sand tank experiment conducted at Sandia National Laboratories we show in this paper that this downward migration of DNAPL can be anticipated and controlled even in a very difficult geosystem environment. The results indicate that design simulations play a significant role in the design of either laboratory column experiments or field SEAR application and that surfactant flooding can be accomplished without loss of hydraulic control of DNAPL under typical alluvial aquifer/ aquitard conditions and with only minor vertical mobilization within the aquifer (i.e., <1% of the DNAPL present). The design simulations are considered as a sensitivity analysis exercise in which the heterogeneity in the permeability field and DNAPL saturation and other critical variables are varied to produce a robust design. The simulation results indicate that the significant downward mobilization of DNAPL as observed in the Sandia sand tank experiment is a result of the use of high-permeability materials, weak viscous (horizontal) forces, and low surfactant solubilization potential. The downward mobilization of DNAPL is a design issue to be evaluated and controlled rather than an inevitable consequence of the use of surfactants to remove DNAPL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid during surfactant flooding by design simulations

Jin

Hirasaki

Jackson³

et al. 2007

Water Resources Research

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“…Kostarelos et al [214] introduces the concept of natural buoyancy using low microemulsion density to control vertical migration of DNAPL. They used isopropanol to reduce the microemulsion density.…”

Section: Mobilization Of Naplsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water

Paria

2008

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

485

237

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“…2 with no voltage gradient. It can be explained by considering flushing of Igepal in first stage may have lowered the capillary forces [29,30] within the pores due to the formation of micelles. Thus, the EDTA flushing in stage 2 of Exp.…”

Section: Metal Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated electrokinetic-soil flushing to remove mixed organic and metal contaminants

2010

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The integrated use of hydraulic flushing and electrokinetic treatment was investigated for the remediation of silty sand contaminated by both PAHs and heavy metals. The soil was collected from a polluted former manufactured gas plant (MGP). Four bench-scale experiments were conducted to analyze the ability of the combined hydraulic flushing and the electrokinetic treatment for the simultaneous removal of PAHs and heavy metals. Sequential flushing with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or Igepal CA-720 were tested with or without the simultaneous application of a low intensity direct electric field (1 VDC cm -1 ). The best results were obtained with 0.2 M EDTA flushing in two stages (without and with voltage gradient, 1 VDC cm -1 ), followed by 5% Igepal flushing in two stages (without and with 1 VDC cm -1 ). Heavy metals were removed mainly during the EDTA flushing, with removal efficiencies of about 60% for Zn, 80% for Pb, and 30% for Cu. During Igepal flushing, no heavy metals were removed, but PAHs were removed, including 40% phenanthrene, 30% pyrene, and 20% benzo[a]pyrene. Overall, this study showed that a carefully designed sequential hydraulic flushing scheme with selected chelant and surfactant is needed for the removal of both heavy metals and PAHs from MGP silty sands. Combining electrokinetics with hydraulic flushing may not necessarily improve contaminant removal from such soils.

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A new concept: the use of neutrally-buoyant microemulsions for DNAPL remediation

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Control of downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid during surfactant flooding by design simulations

Control of downward migration of dense nonaqueous phase liquid during surfactant flooding by design simulations

Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water

Integrated electrokinetic-soil flushing to remove mixed organic and metal contaminants

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