A New Conductivity Sensor for Monitoring the Fertigation in Smart Irrigation Systems

Rocher, Javier; Basterrechea, Daniel A.; Parra, Lorena; Lloret, Jaime

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24097-4_17

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These prototypes are the best sensors tested in previous studies [20]. Furthermore, these prototypes differ in the distribution of their layers.…”

Section: The Best Prototype To Be Used and Of Sensor In Pa Systemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The paper concludes that the best prototype is composed of 80 spires in the induced coil, and 40 spires in the PC, the used copper and coil diameter is 0.4 mm, and the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) tube 25 mm. In addition, Javier et al [20] developed an inductive coil for monitoring the inorganic fertilisers in the irrigation water. This sensor creates an electromagnetic field that is sensitive to the conductivity changes.…”

Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prototype is able to measure the changes in conductivity associated with the fertiliser concentration. The OF is composed of organic material that provides less conductivity than inorganic fertilisers, as used in [20]. This causes the increase of the challenge because we have to be able to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the optimal function of the tested prototypes.…”

Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used electrical circuit for this experiment is straightforward and easy to apply; it is represented in Figure 4. The circuit is based on the circuit used in previous papers [20] in which the coils are used as a sensing element. Firstly, we included a resistance of 47 ohms in serial in the PC.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Configuration 2 has the best adjustment with an R2 of 0.997. The mathematical models are represented in Equations (17)- (20) for each one of the configurations of P2. The models that correlated the data of prototype 3 are the ones with better R2 values.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Sensor Based on Magnetic Fields for Monitoring the Concentration of Organic Fertilisers in Fertigation Systems

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we test three prototypes with different characteristics for controlling the quantity of organic fertiliser in the agricultural irrigation system. We use 0.4 mm of copper diameter, distributing in different layers, maintaining the relation of 40 spires for powered coil and 80 for the induced coil. Moreover, we develop sensors with 8, 4, and 2 layers of copper. The coils are powered by a sine wave of 3.3 V peak to peak, and the other part is induced. To verify the functioning of this sensor, we perform several simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics to verify the magnetic field created around the powered coil, as well as the electric field, followed by a series of tests, using six samples between the 0 g/L and 20 g/L of organic fertiliser, and measure their conductivity. First, we find the working frequency doing a sweep for each prototype and four configurations. In this case, for all samples, making a sweep between 10 kHz and 300 kHz. We obtained that in prototype 1 (P1) (coil with 8 layers) the working frequency is around 100 kHz, in P2 (coil with 4 layers) around 110 kHz, and for P3 (coil with 2 layers) around 140 kHz. Then, we calibrate the prototypes measuring the six samples at four different configurations for each sensor to evaluate the possible variances. Likewise, the measures were taken in triplicate to reduce the possible errors. The obtained results show that the maximum difference of induced voltage between the lowest and the highest concentration is for the P2/configuration 4 with 1.84 V. Likewise, we have obtained an optimum correlation of 0.997. Then, we use the other three samples to verify the optimum functioning of the obtained calibrates. Moreover, the ANOVA simple procedure is applied to the data of all prototypes, in the working frequency of each configuration, to verify the significant difference between the values. The obtained results indicate that there is a significate difference between the average of concentration (g/L) and the induced voltage, and another with a level of 5% of significance Finally, we compare all of the tested prototypes and configurations, and have determined that prototype three with configuration 1 is the best device to be used as a fertiliser sensor in water.

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“…These prototypes are the best sensors tested in previous studies [20]. Furthermore, these prototypes differ in the distribution of their layers.…”

Section: The Best Prototype To Be Used and Of Sensor In Pa Systemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%