A New Configuration of Roof Photovoltaic System for Limited Area Applications—A Case Study in KSA

Al-Quraan, Ayman; Al-Mahmodi, Mohammed; Al-Asemi, Taha; Bafleh, Abdulqader; Bdour, Mathhar; Muhsen, Hani; Malkawi, Ahmad

doi:10.3390/buildings12020092

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Being located in the heart of the MENA region, Jordan possesses a high RE potential in different forms, such as solar and wind energies [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Considering solar energy, Jordan has an average annual global horizontal irradiation of 2083 kWh/m 2 and an average annual direct normal irradiation of 2300 kWh/m 2 [34].…”

Section: Opportunities and Challenges For Green Hydrogen And Ptx In J...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Green Hydrogen and Power-to-X Utilization in Jordanian Industries: Opportunities and Future Prospects

Muhsen,

Al-Mahmodi,

Tarawneh

et al. 2023

Energies

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Green hydrogen and power-to-X technologies hold significant potential in the global energy transition towards net-zero emissions. This is attributed to the premise that these technologies can decarbonize numerous sectors worldwide by providing versatile and sustainable energy carriers and industrial feedstocks to replace fossil-based fuels and chemicals. To this end, the qualitative benefits of green hydrogen and power-to-X technologies have been thoroughly examined for various applications in past years. In contrast, quantifying the potential penetration of such technologies on national and global levels still requires extensive research. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospective integration of green hydrogen and power-to-X technologies within Jordanian industries, considering their quantitative utilization potential for current and future capacities. The findings showed that the Jordanian food processing and heavy industries emerged as major sectors with substantial potential for incorporating green hydrogen and power-to-X products as alternative fuels or chemical feedstocks. In detail, the total potential utilization capacity for these sectors stood at around 57 thousand tons per year. Specifically, fertilizers production, cement industry, steel reforming, and oil refinery possess an annual potential capacity of around 6.8, 11.8, 12.7, and 25.8 thousand tons, respectively. It is also worth mentioning that the current utilization capacity of hydrogen in Jordanian industries was found to be around 8.9 thousand tons per annum, which is completely covered by fossil-based hydrogen to date. These results imply that there will be a promising market for green hydrogen and power-to-X utilization in Jordanian industries, which will play a significant role in integrated energy transition efforts in the future.

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Section: Opportunities and Challenges For Green Hydrogen And Ptx In J...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Green Hydrogen and Power-to-X Utilization in Jordanian Industries: Opportunities and Future Prospects

Muhsen,

Al-Mahmodi,

Tarawneh

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…The power of the wind passing through the wind turbine P T can be expressed as follows [52][53][54]:…”

Section: Energy Extracted From Different Wind Turbine Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Optimized Wind Turbine Cost Analysis for Different Wind Sites in Jordan

Al-Quraan

Al-Mhairat

2022

Sustainability

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Choosing the right wind site and estimating the extracted energy of the wind turbines are essential to successfully establishing a wind farm in a specific wind site. In this paper, a method for estimating the extracted energy of the wind farms using several mathematical models is proposed. The estimating method, which was based on five wind turbines, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 and three wind distribution models, gamma, Weibull, and Rayleigh, was used to suggest suitable specifications of a wind turbine for a specific wind site and maximize the extracted energy of the proposed wind farm. An optimization problem, developed for this purpose, was solved using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The suggested method was tested using several potential wind sites in Jordan. The proposed wind farms at these sites achieved the maximum extracted energy, maximum capacity factor (CF), and minimum levelized cost of energy (LCoE) based on the solution of the developed optimization problem. The developed model with Q3 and the Rayleigh distribution function was validated with real measurement data from several wind farms in Jordan. Error analysis showed that the difference between the measured and estimated energy was less than 20%. The study validated the provided model, which can now be utilized routinely for the assessment of wind energy potential at a specific wind site.

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“…It is essential to identify the sun's path at the system's final location to understand the nature of shading over the course of a year, especially in the worst-case scenario when the objects' shading is at maximum in the northern hemisphere on 21 December every year [27,32]. The first stage of designing a PV system sun chart is to consider and identify the required sun radiation angles; elevation and azimuth.…”

Section: Sun Angles Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some features are designed to calculate panel distribution in the studied area, such as the Skelion feature in the SketchUp software [25]. The accuracy of all the software types varies between 5.00 and 18.75% in terms of percentage error, according to the results reported in [26,27]. The software that is most commonly used in estimating the spacing between arrays has limited accuracy and could not deal with the different configurations of panel distribution for either flat or non-flat terrains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the Utilized Area of PV Systems by Generating the Optimal Inter-Row Spacing Factor

et al. 2022

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In mounted photovoltaic (PV) facilities, energy output losses due to inter-row shading are unavoidable. In order to limit the shadow cast by one module row on another, sufficient inter-row space must be planned. However, it is not uncommon to see PV plants with such close row spacing that energy losses occur owing to row-to-row shading effects. Low module prices and high ground costs lead to such configurations, so the maximum energy output per available surface area is prioritized over optimum energy production per peak power. For any applications where the plant power output needs to be calculated, an exact analysis of the influence of inter-row shading on power generation is required. In this paper, an effective methodology is proposed and discussed in detail, ultimately, to enable PV system designers to identify the optimal inter-row spacing between arrays by generating a multiplier factor. The spacing multiplier factor is mathematically formulated and is generated to be a general formula for any geographical location including flat and non-flat terrains. The developed model is implemented using two case studies with two different terrains, to provide a wider context. The first one is in the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (KSA) provinces, giving a flat terrain case study; the inter-row spacing multiplier factor is estimated for the direct use of a systems designer. The second one is the water pump for agricultural watering using renewable energy sources, giving a non-flat terrain case study in Dhamar, Al-Hada, Yemen. In this case study, the optimal inter-row spacing factor is estimated for limited-area applications. Therefore, the effective area using the proposed formula is minimized so that the shading of PV arrays on each other is avoided, with a simple design using the spacing factor methodology.

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A New Configuration of Roof Photovoltaic System for Limited Area Applications—A Case Study in KSA

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The Potential of Green Hydrogen and Power-to-X Utilization in Jordanian Industries: Opportunities and Future Prospects

The Potential of Green Hydrogen and Power-to-X Utilization in Jordanian Industries: Opportunities and Future Prospects

Intelligent Optimized Wind Turbine Cost Analysis for Different Wind Sites in Jordan

Minimizing the Utilized Area of PV Systems by Generating the Optimal Inter-Row Spacing Factor

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