A New Crosslinked Foamed Fracturing Fluid

Watkins, Elizabeth; Wendorff, C.L.

doi:10.2523/12027-ms

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Several researchers (Reidenbach et al 1986;Harris and Reidenbach 1987;Harris 1995;Bonilla and Shah 2000;Sani et al 2001;Khade and Shah 2003;Watkins et al 1983;Harris and Heath 1996;Craighead et al 1985) systematically studied polymer-based foam rheology by varying polymer concentrations. Reidenbach et al (1986) studied the flow properties of both aqueous and polymerbased fracturing foams at 75°F using nitrogen and carbon dioxide as the gas phase.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and Hydraulics of Polymer (HEC) Based Drilling Foams at Ambient Temperature Conditions

et al. 2007

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An experimental investigation on polymer-based drilling foams was carried out. Rheology tests were performed with foams that have different concentrations of hydroxylethylcellulose (HEC) and 1% commercial surfactant. Experiments were conducted in a largescale flow loop that permits foam flow through 2-, 3-, and 4-in. pipe sections, and a 6×3.5-in. annular section. During the experiments, frictional pressure losses across the pipe and annular sections were measured for different gas/liquid flow rates, polymer concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5%), and foam qualities (70, 80, and 90%). Significant rheological variations were observed between aqueous foams containing no polymers and polymer-thickened foams.Experimental data show three distinct flow curves for the 2-, 3-, and 4-in. pipe sections, which indicates the presence of wall slip. The Oldroyd-Jastrzebski approach was used to calculate the wall slip velocity and determine the true shear rate. It has been found that wall slip decreases as the foam quality or polymer concentration increases. Two foam hydraulic models, which use slipcorrected and slip-uncorrected rheological parameters, have been proposed. These models are applicable for predicting pressure loss in pipes and annuli. Model predictions for the annular test section are compared with the measured data. A satisfactory agreement between the model predictions and measured data is obtained. This paper will help to better design foam drilling and cleanup operations.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and Hydraulics of Polymer (HEC) Based Drilling Foams at Ambient Temperature Conditions

et al. 2007

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“…Watkins et al 22 showed that crosslinked fluid have longer half-lives and that crosslinking extends the ability to form low quality foams. Harris 23 found crosslinking to increase the carrying capability of foam.…”

Section: Crosslinked Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Xanthan Foam Rheology

Sani

Shah

Baldwin³

2001

Proceedings of SPE Production and Operations Symposium

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In this work, experimental investigation was carried out on xanthan gel and xanthan foam rheology employing a pipe flow viscometer at 1000 psi. A nominal ½" stainless steel pipe was used as the flow conduit. Xanthan concentrations of 20, 30, and 40 lb/Mgal were used as the gelling agent to prepare xanthan fluids. Surfactant at 0.5% (vol.) was used as the foaming agent. Nitrogen was used as the gas phase. Foams were prepared and tested for qualities ranging from zero to 80% at various shear rates and at temperatures ranging from 75 to 200 o F.The flow data showed that both xanthan gel and xanthan foam exhibited a behavior analogous to Herschel-Bulkley model fluids. It was found that the foam viscosity increases as the foam quality increases and more viscous liquid phase generated higher foam viscosities. The increase of temperature had an adverse effect on foam viscosity and stability. Viscosity isotherms were generated for the xanthan foam.New empirical correlations for the xanthan gel and xanthan foam have been developed from the experimental data generated. These correlations are functions of liquid phase properties and foam quality and can be used to predict apparent viscosity of foam fluids for the conditions investigated. The use of these new correlations will provide a better estimation of the xanthan gel and xanthan foam fluid rheological properties.

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“…A foamed gel is a dispersion of gas bubbles in a continuous galled phase. Foamed gels arc currently used for a wide variety of applications including fracturing oil-field reservoirs, stabilization of earthen formations, and plugging high l_rmeability streaks (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and modification of fluid conductivity in heterogeneous reservoirs to improve sweep efficiency. [Quarterly report], October 1--December 31, 1992

Fogler¹

1992

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A New Crosslinked Foamed Fracturing Fluid

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Rheology and Hydraulics of Polymer (HEC) Based Drilling Foams at Ambient Temperature Conditions

Rheology and Hydraulics of Polymer (HEC) Based Drilling Foams at Ambient Temperature Conditions

Experimental Investigation of Xanthan Foam Rheology

Characterization and modification of fluid conductivity in heterogeneous reservoirs to improve sweep efficiency. [Quarterly report], October 1--December 31, 1992

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