A New Dermal Substitute Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol with Silver Nanoparticles and Collagen with Hyaluronic Acid: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Abstract

The experimental use of poly (alcohol-vinyl) (PVA) as a skin curative is increasing widely. However, the use of this hydrogel is challenging due to its favorable properties for microbiota growth. The association with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an antimicrobial agent turns the match for PVA as a dressing, as it focuses on creating a physical barrier to avoid wound dehydration. When associated with extracellular components, such as the collagen matrix, the device obtained can create the desired biological conditions to act as a skin substitute. This study aimed to analyze the anti-microbiological activity and the in vitro and in vivo responses of a bilaminar device of PVA containing AgNPs associated with a membrane of collagen–hyaluronic acid (col-HA). Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in the device to evaluate in vitro responses and in vivo immunomodulatory and healing behavior. The device morphology revealed a porous pattern that favored water retention and in vitro cell adhesion. Controlled wounds in the dorsal back of rat skins revealed a striking skin remodeling with new epidermis fulfilling all previously injured areas after 14 and 28 days. No infections or significant inflammations were observed, despite increased angiogenesis, and no fibrosis-markers were identified as compared to controls. Although few antibacterial activities were obtained, the addition of AgNPs prevented fungal growth. All results demonstrated that the combination of the components used here as a dermal device, chosen according to previous miscellany studies of low/mid-cost biomaterials, can promote skin protection avoiding infections and dehydration, minimize the typical wound inflammatory responses, and favor the cellular healing responses, features that give rise to further clinical trials of the device here developed

Novel antibacterial hydrogels based on gelatin/polyvinyl-alcohol and graphene oxide/silver nanoconjugates: formulation, characterization, and preliminary biocompatibility evaluation

“…This activity was statistically different with respect to the commercial treatments and the positive control (see Figure 13 ). The antibacterial mechanism is likely related to the ability of AgNPs to disrupt bacterial cell walls and/or internalize cells to induce permanent damage of the intracellular machinery and, in turn, cause cell death [ 48 , 60 , 94 ]. Zudenina® and Microdacyn® showed a much less effective reduction of bacterial growth for Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.…”

“…As active antimicrobial agents, Ag NPs have been dispersed in PVA hydrogels. Further improvement of tissue regeneration and wound recovery abilities have been achieved by mixing it or crosslinking it with polymers such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid, which have been thought to mimic the microenvironment of native tissues [ 48 ]. Gelatin is an animal protein obtained by hydrolysis of fibrous insoluble collagen that has been used in the synthesis of hydrogels, capsules, and microspheres for different biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and regenerative scaffolds.…”

Collagen Hydrogels Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles and Cannabis Sativa Oil

“…The biomaterial displayed a sustained release of ibuprofen and antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus [ 23 ]. As well as this, a new dermal device of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing AgNPs associated with a collagen–hyaluronic acid membrane has been recently developed to promote skin regeneration, control inflammation, and reduce fungal and bacterial proliferation [ 24 ]. Besides, Haidari et al also reported a pH-responsive hydrogel for the controlled release of AgNPs in infected wounds [ 25 ].…”

Production and Application of Biomaterials Based on Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as Wound Dressing

“…[64] Moreover, dressings were prepared using a bilayer device involving PVA-containing Ag NPs bound to collagen-HA membranes, which increases water retention and cell adhesion in vitro, and exhibits excellent skin remodeling outcomes in controlled rat skin wounds. [65] In addition, a method for manufacturing nanofiber dressings using a photo-crosslinking process without employing an organic solvent was also studied. [66] Table 3 presents recent approaches of composite materials used to improve the properties of dressings applied to hydrogels and nanofiber dressings based on PVA-HA.…”