A new diagnostic test for introversion-extroversion.

Neymann, Clarence A.; Kohlstedt, K. D.

doi:10.1037/h0075622

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…However, these findings conflict with several studies of other inventories which measure one or more of the Jungian personality type variables. Gray (1948) found bimodality in the distributions of the E-I, S-N, and T-F scales of an inventory that is very similar to the Indicator, the Gray-~fueelwright Psychological Type Questionnaire (Gray, 1947;Gray, 1948;Gray, 1949;Gray & Wheelwright, 1946), and some indications of bimodality were found in the distributions of other extraversion-introversion scales by Ball (1932), Heidbreder (1926), Neymann (1930), Neymann and Kohlstedt (1929), and Schwegler (1929), but not by Campbell (1929), Conklin (1927), nor Root and Root (1932). In addition, Bash (1955) found marked bimodality in the distributions of a Rorschach extraveroion index--arc tan (M/C).…”

Section: None Of the Correlations Between The Indeterminacy Measures Andmentioning

confidence: 95%

An assessment of some structural properties of the Jungian personality typology.

Stricker¹,

Ross²

1964

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

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Jung's typology implies that the attitudes and functions are (a) stable; (b) categorical or qualitatively dichotomous; (c) interacting;and (d) giving rise to different compounds of surface traits. In addition, it implies that type indeterminacy produces ineffective and maladjusted behavior.A program of studies aimed at assessing these structural properties of Jung's typology '~6 designed and executed, using a self-report inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. These studies found that (a) the type classifications had moderate temporal stability; (b) Indicator score distributions showed no marked evidence of bimodality; (c) with one exception) the regressions of other variables on Indicator scales did not change in either level or slope at the zero point of the Indicator scales: (d) the Indicator sca.Les did not interact in relation to other variables; (e) the Indicator scales did not moderate the regression of other variables on one another; and (f) type indeterminacy was unrelated to measures of ineffective bel~.vior and maladjustment.It~s concluded that these findings offer little support for any of the structural properties attributed to the typology. Two possible interpretations of these negative findings were suggested: (a) Jung's typology is not consistent with the real world; or (b) the Indicator does not correspond to the theoretical formulation of the typology; that is, the Indicator does not operationally define the typology.Verification of these interpretations awaits further research. AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE JUNGIAN PERSONALITY TYPOLOGrThe merits of the typological approach to personality measurement have long been a source of controversy. It is undeniable, however, that personality typologies (Jung, 1923;Sheldon, 1942;Spranger, 1928) have had and continue to have important influences on psychological theorizing and research. Jungls typology (Jacobi, 1951; Jung, 1923;Jung, 1933;Jung, 1953) is one of the most influential. Like the other typologies, it has stimulated a considerable amount of research, but very little of this research has been primarily concerned with verifying the tyPOlogy, per sea Such direct research is needed for a proper assessment of Jungls typology. The studies, using a self-report inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which are described here, were undertaken to contribute to such an assessment of Jungls typology, as well as to the construct validation of the Indicator. Some Properties of Jungls TypologyJung postulates two attitudes--extraverslon and introversion--and four functions--sensation, intuition, thinking, and feeling--which interlock in the sense that extraversion and introversion indicate the focus of cognitive activity arid the four functions describe its specific varieties.Extraversion and introversion describe the direction of a personls interest. Extraversion involves an interest in the external world and

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Section: None Of the Correlations Between The Indeterminacy Measures Andmentioning

confidence: 95%

An assessment of some structural properties of the Jungian personality typology.

Stricker¹,

Ross²

1964

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

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show abstract

“…Questionnaire (Gray, 1947;Gray, 1948;Gray, 1949;Gray & Wheelwright, 1946), and some indications of bimodality were found in the distributions of other extraversion-introversion scales by Ball (1932), Heidbreder (1926), Neymann (1930), Neymann and Kohlstedt (1929), and Schwegler (1929), but not by Campbell (1929), Conklin (1927), nor Root and Root (1932). In addition, Bash (1955) found marked bimodality in the distributions of a Rorschach…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these findings conflict with several studies of other inventories which measure one or more of the Jungian personality type variables. Gray (1948) found bimodality in the -13-distributions of the E-I, S-N, and T-F scales of an inventory that is very similar to the Indicator, the Gray-~fueelwright Psychological TypeQuestionnaire (Gray, 1947;Gray, 1948;Gray, 1949;Gray & Wheelwright, 1946), and some indications of bimodality were found in the distributions of other extraversion-introversion scales by Ball (1932), Heidbreder (1926), Neymann (1930), Neymann andKohlstedt (1929), and Schwegler (1929), but not by Campbell (1929), Conklin (1927), nor Root and Root (1932). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Some Structural Properties of the Jungian Personality Typology1

Stricker

Ross

1962

ETS Research Bulletin Series

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Jung's typology implies that the attitudes and functions are (a) stable; (b) categorical or qualitatively dichotomous; (c) interacting; and (d) giving rise to different compounds of surface traits. In addition, it implies that type indeterminacy produces ineffective and maladjusted behavior.A program of studies aimed at assessing these structural properties of Jung's typology '~6 designed and executed, using a self-report inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. These studies found that (a) the type classifications had moderate temporal stability; (b) Indicator score distributions showed no marked evidence of bimodality; (c) with one exception) the regressions of other variables on Indicator scales did not change in either level or slope at the zero point of the Indicator scales: (d) the Indicator sca.Les did not interact in relation to other variables; (e) the Indicator scales did not moderate the regression of other variables on one another; and (f) type indeterminacy was unrelated to measures of ineffective bel~.vior and maladjustment.It~s concluded that these findings offer little support for any of the structural properties attributed to the typology. Two possible interpretations of these negative findings were suggested: (a) Jung's typology is not consistent with the real world; or (b) the Indicator does not correspond to the theoretical formulation of the typology; that is, the Indicator does not operationally define the typology.Verification of these interpretations awaits further research. AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE JUNGIAN PERSONALITY TYPOLOGrThe merits of the typological approach to personality measurement have long been a source of controversy. It is undeniable, however, that personality typologies (Jung, 1923; Sheldon, 1942; Spranger, 1928) have had and continue to have important influences on psychological theorizing and research. Jungls typology (Jacobi, 1951; Jung, 1923; Jung, 1933;Jung, 1953) is one of the most influential. Like the other typologies, it has stimulated a considerable amount of research, but very little of this research has been primarily concerned with verifying the tyPOlogy, per sea Such direct research is needed for a proper assessment of Jungls typology. The studies, using a self-report inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which are described here, were undertaken to contribute to such an assessment of Jungls typology, as well as to the construct validation of the Indicator. Some Properties of Jungls TypologyJung postulates two attitudes--extraverslon and introversion--and four functions--sensation, intuition, thinking, and feeling--which interlock in the sense that extraversion and introversion indicate the focus of cognitive activity arid the four functions describe its specific varieties.Extraversion and introversion describe the direction of a personls interest. Extraversion involves an interest in the external world and -2-introversion involves an interest in th€ interior world. Sensation and intuition are two distinct ways o...

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“…Since the Erlebnistypen depend upon the prevalence of introversive and extratensive tendencies in the personality, attempts have been made to compare these types with the introvert-extrovert types of Jung, and to detect their prominence either in the constitutional types of Kretschmer or in various psychotic groups (97,100). Miiller ( 94) cautions against such quick identification among them.…”

Section: Validity Of the Rorschach Ink-blot Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rorschach ink-blot test: historical summary.

Hertz¹

1935

Psychological Bulletin

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The study of personality may be approached from two points of view, " global" and " atomistic ", as Wells (145) so aptly phrased them. In the former technique, personality as a whole is studied qualitatively, intensively, much depending upon the experience, skill and intuition of the examiner. In the atomistic approach, personality is analyzed into the component traits which lend themselves to quantitative and objective study.In the last few years, the atomistic approach has received emphasis. Particular traits have been isolated and examined by means of various techniques-questionnaires, rating scales, inventories, batteries of tests, and various instrumental procedures. There are many who claim, however, that such quantitative ratings give no real understanding of the unit-personality (Allport 2, Allport and Vernon 3, Wells 144). They urge systematic inquiry into the nature of the whole personality with more emphasis on the qualitative approach.In Europe, there has been a notable trend toward a qualitative psychology. The Gestalt School, the " Developmental Psychology " of Krueger ( 68), the psychology of the eidetic type of the Marburg School (1,(48)(49)(50)(55)(56)(57)(58), and Stern's " Personalismus " (56) emphasize this approach. The " Cultural Science Psychology " (56, 57,60) especially, has introduced concepts of " value", " understanding " and " explaining " personality (Dilthey 25, Spranger 128, Stein 129). In like manner, investigators interested in the empirical determination of types, such as Jung (53), Kretschmer (65), Jaensch (48-50), Ewald (31), Birnbaum (48,49,56), Rorschach (117), have shown this influence.Similar tendencies to admit of subjective values in the apprecia-* Published through the courtesy of the Richraan Fund.

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A new diagnostic test for introversion-extroversion.

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

An assessment of some structural properties of the Jungian personality typology.

An assessment of some structural properties of the Jungian personality typology.

An Assessment of Some Structural Properties of the Jungian Personality Typology1

The Rorschach ink-blot test: historical summary.

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