“…In addition to treatment, these factors also play an important role in TME for cancer and infection. Considering their role as biomarkers, cytokines (IL-6, 10, 17, 27, 35; TNF-; IFN-; and TGF-) and chemokines (CCL-2, 5, 18; CCR-4; CXCR -4 ; CX3CL) -1; and CXCL-1, 5, 8, 13) are frequently targeted for the treatment of lung cancer [26]. Among other stromal cell types in theTME, macrophages are the major secretors of the cytokine IL-6.…”