“…Examples of such measurements include: - YEN angle formed by the points S, M, G defining the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible, first described by Neel et al in 2009 [ 10 ].
- Pi analysis referring to the angular measurement Pi (GG`M) and the linear measurement Pi (G`M`) based on the points G, M from which the perpendicular goes to the true horizontal plane in the natural position of the head, defining the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible [ 11 ], first described by Kumar et al in 2012 [ 12 ]
- W angle formed by the points S, M, G, defining the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and mandible, first described by Bhad et al in 2011 [ 13 ]
- SAR angle formed by the points M, G, W, defining the sagittal jaw base discrepancy, described by Sonahita et al in 2015 [ 14 ]
- DW angle using Walker and Wing (WW) points to assess the sagittal discrepancy, described by Hatewar et al in 2015 [ 15 ]
- Tau angle formed by the points T, M, G, defining the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible, first described by Gupta et al in 2020 [ 6 ]
- R angle formed by the points N, C, Me to assess the vertical discrepancy, first described by Rizwan and Mascarenhas in 2013 [ 16 ]
- KP (extraoral) plane and points NS, SAE bilaterally to assess the vertical discrepancy, first described by Kattan et al in 2018 [ 17 ]
- Superior border of the zygomatic arch to assess the vertical discrepancy as an alternative to the Frankfurt horizontal line introduced by Park et al in 2019 [ 18 ]
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