A new discrimination scheme for oceanic ferromanganese deposits using high field strength and rare earth elements

Josso, Pierre; Pelleter, Ewan; Pourret, Olivier; Fouquet, Yves; Étoubleau, Joël; Chéron, Sandrine; Bollinger, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.09.003

Cited by 144 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…5 show that the linear effects of time, particle size, and H2SO4 concentration had the most significant impact on Mn extraction rates.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…They may have economic potential [3], due to the high concentrations of Co, Ni, Te, Ti, Pt, and rare earth elements [4]. These Fe-Mn oceanic deposits include ferromanganese crusts, as well as cobalt-rich crusts, polymetallic nodules, and hydrothermal infusions [5]. Polymetallic nodules have a particular importance for the steel industry as an they may eventually become an alternate source of manganese [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching of Manganese from Marine Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Tailings

et al. 2019

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Based on the results obtained from a previous study investigating the dissolution of Mn from marine nodules with the use of sulfuric acid and foundry slag, a second series of experiments was carried out using tailings produced from slag flotation. The proposed approach takes advantage of the Fe present in magnetite contained in these tailings and is believed to be cost-efficient. The surface optimization methodology was used to evaluate the independent variables of time, particle size, and sulfuric acid concentration in the Mn solution. Other tests evaluated the effect of agitation speed and the MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio in an acid medium. The highest Mn extraction rate of 77% was obtained with an MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio of 1/2 concentration of 1 mol/L of H2SO4, particle size of −47 + 38 μm, and 40 min of leaching. It is concluded that higher rates of Mn extraction were obtained when tailings instead of slag were used, while future research needs to focus on determination of the optimum Fe2O3/MnO2 ratio to improve dissolution of Mn from marine nodules.

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“…5 show that the linear effects of time, particle size, and H2SO4 concentration had the most significant impact on Mn extraction rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Manganese from Marine Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Tailings

et al. 2019

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“…6. Положение марганцевых образований возвышенности Бел яевского на т реугольны х диаг рамма х Э. Бонатти (Bonatti et al, 1972) (а) и П. Жоссо (Josso et al, 2017) (б ) относительно полей разных генетических типов железомарганцевых образований океана. Кроме марганца, железа, кремния и бария, собст вен н ые м и нера л ьн ые фа зы (зерна), образуют также медь, цинк, олово, никель, вольфрам, хром, серебро, церий, лантан и неодим (Астахова и др., 2010).…”

Section: Fig 5 Dendrogram Showing Correlation Clustering Of Chemicaunclassified

“…Position of manganese for m at ion s f r om B ely a ev s k y Seamount regarding the fields of different genetic types of oceanic ferromanganese formations in the triangular diagrams afterBonatti et al (1972) andJosso et al (2017), see a and б respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Manganese Mineralization on Belyaevsky Seamount, the Sea of Japan: Literature Review and New Data

Kolesnik¹,

Yaroshchuk²

2019

BKRAESC. Earth Sciences

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“…Traditionally, Co, Ni, and Mn have been the target metals in nodules and crusts, with less focus on rare earth metals. The majority of REE studies have focused on the origin and genetic environment of ore deposits (e.g., [9][10][11][12] and references therein). Only a few studies have investigated the potential of classical deep-sea mineral deposits as critical metal sources, despite the discovery of seabed mineral deposits almost 50 years ago [3,4,[13][14][15][16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Metals in Deep Seabed Mineral Deposits: Composition and Implications for Resource Potential

et al. 2018

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The critical metal contents of four types of seabed mineral resources, including a deep-sea sediment deposit, are evaluated as potential rare earth element (REE) resources. The deep-sea resources have relatively low total rare earth oxide (TREO) contents, a narrow range of TREO grades (0.049-0.185%), and show characteristics that are consistent with those of land-based ion adsorption REE deposits. The relative REO distributions of the deep-seabed resources are also consistent with those of ion adsorption REE deposits on land. REEs that are not part of a crystal lattice of host minerals within deep-sea mineral deposits are favorable for mining, as there is no requirement for crushing and/or pulverizing during ore processing. Furthermore, low concentrations of Th and U reduce the risk of adverse environmental impacts. Despite the low TREO grades of the deep-seabed mineral deposits, a significant TREO yield from polymetallic nodules and REE-bearing deep-sea sediments from the Korean tenements has been estimated (1 Mt and 8 Mt, respectively). Compared with land-based REE deposits, deep-sea mineral deposits can be considered as low-grade mineral deposits with a large tonnage. The REEs and critical metals from deep-sea mineral deposits are important by-products and co-products of the main commodities (e.g., Co and Ni), and may increase the economic feasibility of their extraction.The surveyed deep-sea mineral deposits include polymetallic nodules, ferromanganese crust, SMS, and deep-sea sediment, and are potential rare earth element (REE) resources (Table 1). Traditionally, Co, Ni, and Mn have been the target metals in nodules and crusts, with less focus on rare earth metals. The majority of REE studies have focused on the origin and genetic environment of ore deposits (e.g., [9][10][11][12] and references therein). Only a few studies have investigated the potential of classical deep-sea mineral deposits as critical metal sources, despite the discovery of seabed mineral deposits almost 50 years ago [3,4,[13][14][15][16]. Critical metals were recently identified as potential seabed resource commodities; however, the extent of critical metal exploitation from seabed deposits remains unclear, because of limited data on resource estimation. This paper discusses the critical metal contents of three conventional seabed mineral resources and a deep-sea sediment resource that is currently being explored by KIOST, and re-evaluates these deposits as potential REE resources. This study examines the resource potential of critical metals of conventional seafloor mineral deposits in Korean tenements and provides a comparison with land-based rare earth metal deposits. The future implications of, and factors relevant to, the critical metal exploitation of seabed mineral deposits are also discussed.

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A new discrimination scheme for oceanic ferromanganese deposits using high field strength and rare earth elements

Cited by 144 publications

References 70 publications

Leaching of Manganese from Marine Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Tailings

Leaching of Manganese from Marine Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Tailings

Manganese Mineralization on Belyaevsky Seamount, the Sea of Japan: Literature Review and New Data

Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Metals in Deep Seabed Mineral Deposits: Composition and Implications for Resource Potential

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