A new dual band 4 × 4 butler matrix with dual band 3 dB quadrature branch line coupler and dual band 45° phase shifter

Zaidi, Aijaz M.; Imam, Syed Akhtar; Kanaujia, Binod Kumar; Rambabu, Karumudi; Srivastava, Kumar Vaibhav; Beg, Mirza Tariq

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.11.040

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The BM can be connected to the antenna array by cables as connected in [31] or by using slots as in [32]. The phase difference between the output ports of the dual band BM at two operating frequencies, listed in Table 8, is obtained by calculating the phase difference of the traveled path as in [25]. The phase difference between the output ports of the dual band ±90 • BLC (employed to design the BM) 90 • at frequency f 1 and −90 • at frequency f 2 has been considered.…”

Section: Proposed × 4 Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

et al. 2020

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A novel dual band branch line coupler (BLC) has been proposed, designed, implemented, and analyzed in this paper. A dual band 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) has also been developed by employing the proposed BLC. To realize the proposed BLC, PI and modified PI-shaped transmission lines (TLs) as dual band TLs, with the complete derivation of the design equations, have also been introduced. The proposed BLC is equivalent to a dual band ±90 • BLC and a dual band ±45 • phase shifter combination and capable of performing a dual band operation for 2.3 to 4.4 frequency ratios. In order to verify the proposed approach, a dual band BLC for 1GHz and 2.85GHz frequencies has been designed and implemented. For the proposed BLC, equal power division between the output ports has been achieved with maximum ±0.2dB amplitude imbalance and a phase difference of +45 • /−135 • ±1 • at frequency 1GHz and +135 • /−45 • ±2 • at frequency 2.85GHz between the output ports for port1/port4 excitation. By employing the proposed BLC, a dual band 4 × 4 BM has also been developed. Compared to the existing dual band BMs, the 4 X 4 BM offers a simpler design, compact size, and design with fewer number of components. INDEX TERMS Branch line coupler, dual band, Butler matrix, PI shaped transmission line, frequency ratio, compact size.

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Section: Proposed × 4 Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BLCs and dual band 45 • phase shifters are required to design a dual band 4 × 4 BM [20]- [25]. A simpler and compact design of the dual band 4 × 4 BM can be obtained if dual band BLC plays the role of a dual band 45 • phase shifter as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

et al. 2020

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“…These bidirectional structures can provide equal power split between two outputs (coupled and through ports) with a well-defined phase shift difference, while the fourth port is strictly isolated. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In the state of the art, there are two types of popular hybrid couplers, the first one, in which the phase shift between the two output signals is 90 and a power split of 3 dB. In the second one, the phase shift between the two output signals is 180 and a power split of 3 dB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second one, the phase shift between the two output signals is 180 and a power split of 3 dB. [3][4][5] In this work, the main objective is to develop a single coupler with miniaturized dimension, good adaptation, good coupling, and well-isolated port that can control both phase shifts at any time with an approximate 3 dB attenuation. The choice of phase shift difference (90 or 180 ) depends totally on the user.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase shift switching of a miniaturized ultra‐wideband hybrid coupler for 5G technology

Slimani

Das²,

Alami³

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The main purpose of this letter is to develop a miniaturized ultra-wideband hybrid coupler with an adjustable phase shift (90-180 and vice versa) that operates around the resonant frequency of 3.8 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 26% required for 5G applications. The design approach is based on a microstrip waveguide technique with localized lumped elements to control the phase shift between the input and output ports. The performance of the coupler can be seen from its important characteristics: adaptation, coupling, isolation, and phase shift. All these mentioned parameters are approved by simulation and validated by measurement. The measurement results show good agreement with the simulation, which confirms the success of the theoretical part and the importance of our proposed structure.

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“…These days the demand for compact, portable, and versatile devices, which can cover multiple frequency application bands is constantly increasing. In the last decade, a number of methods have been proposed by various methods/structures were employed to design a dual band BLC such as short ended coupled line (CL) and short stubs . These reported methods and dual‐band quarter wave transmission line (DBQWTL) employs short ended coupled line (CL) and short stubs, a parallel combination short ended CL and transmission line (TL), short/open stub at the two terminals of the TL, connecting a stub at the center of the TL, extended port, using quarter wavelength open/shorted CL, using a CL, folding of the TL .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐band branch line coupler for LTE 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies

Zaidi

Beg

Kanaujia

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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In this paper, a dual‐band branch line coupler (BLC) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies is designed and developed. A dual‐band quarter wave transmission line (DBQWTL) capable to perform dual band operation for frequency ratio >3 is also proposed. The dual band BLC is designed by replacing the quarter wave transmission line of the conventional single band BLC with the proposed DBQWTL. By means of even and odd mode analysis, the closed form design equations of the proposed DBQWTL are obtained. Considering the implementation viewpoint of the proposed BLC, the circuit parameter analysis is carried out. The proposed BLC performs dual band operation with maximum amplitude imbalance of 0.26 dB and phase deviation of 3.07°. It is found in the comparative analysis that the proposed BLC has novelty in terms of its operating frequency ratio range.

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A new dual band 4 × 4 butler matrix with dual band 3 dB quadrature branch line coupler and dual band 45° phase shifter

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

Phase shift switching of a miniaturized ultra‐wideband hybrid coupler for 5G technology

A dual‐band branch line coupler for LTE 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies

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A new dual band 4 × 4 butler matrix with dual band 3 dB quadrature branch line coupler and dual band 45° phase shifter

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

A Novel Dual Band Branch Line Coupler and its Application to Design a Dual Band 4 × 4 Butler Matrix

Phase shift switching of a miniaturized ultra‐wideband hybrid coupler for 5G technology

A dual‐band branch line coupler for LTE 0.7 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz frequencies

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A new dual band 4 × 4 butler matrix with dual band 3 dB quadrature branch line coupler and dual band 45° phase shifter