State-of-the-art adhesive technology for the development of enamel and dentin bonding agents has driven the paradigm shift in restorative dentistry. The ability to bond restorative or esthetic materials to substrates, including enamel and dentin, in a predict-able manner, is essential for determining whether a specific adhesive protocol is clinically acceptable [1,2]. Existing adhesive systems for restorative purposes are classified into the etch-and-rinse bonding systems and the self-etch systems, based on adhesive strategies to the dental substrates [1,2]. Originally designed as a three-step protocol, the etch-and-rinse strategy is applied with prior complete phosphoric acid etching of tooth substrates including both the enamel, where deep etch-pits in hydroxyapatite-rich substrates are produced, and the dentin, where a depth of a few micrometers is demineralized to expose collagen mesh without hydroxyapatite [1][2][3]. For the etchand-rinse system, inorganic acids are used to demineralize superficial dentin, which is followed by hybrid-layer formation with collagen fibrils exposed and then infiltrated by hydrophilic monomers [1,3,4].Modified from the original and the standard two-step self-etch-J Prosthodont Res. 2022; **(**): ****-****