A New Dual-Modality ECT/ERT Technique Based on C⁴D Principle

Capability of dual-modality electrical tomography for gas-oil-water three-phase pipeline flow visualisation

“…Last but not least is artificial errors during data fusion due to the registration process on spatial and temporal dimensions could be removed by the advanced design of hardware. For instance, the systems in [12,14] are able to obtain both conductivity and permittivity information simultaneously, and thus the temporal registration in the fusion process is no longer necessary thereby reducing partial errors caused by the temporal interpolation during the registration.…”

“…Although there are differences with some aspects, e.g. using two standalone modalities to obtain the conductivity and permittivity distributions separately ( [6,11]), or using integrated sensing electrodes to measure once and derive both distributions ( [12,13,14]). Conventional ERT-ECT systems offer cross-sectional images of high temporal resolution but relatively low spatial resolution.…”

Dual-Modality 4-Terminal Electrical Capacitance and Resistance Tomography for Multiphase Flow Monitoring

“…In the third category, there are systems composed by a single set of electrodes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], i.e. integration of a single plane and a single array of sensors for a dual-modality ERT/ECT system.…”

“…integration of a single plane and a single array of sensors for a dual-modality ERT/ECT system. These systems can be built with internal electrodes [17][18][19][20][21][22] and external electrodes [23][24][25][26]. For both types of sensors in this category, integration of the dual modalities in a single plane and a single set of electrodes is achieved by using a voltage-excitation and current-sensing strategy with a 2-terminal sensing configuration.…”

Fuzzy Logic Based Multi-Dimensional Image Fusion for Gas–Oil-Water Flows With Dual-Modality Electrical Tomography

“…Electrical tomograms are usually high in temporal resolution but relatively low in spatial resolution [11], [12]. Some efforts have been made to exploit dual-modality ERT-ECT systems for multiphase flow imaging, such as gas-liquid flow or gas-oil-water three-phase flow, but the majority dealt with the hardware integration rather than systematic study of data fusion [13]- [16].…”