A new early cyprinin from Oligocene of South China

Abstract

Here we describe †Huashancyprinus robustispinus, gen. et sp. nov, a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Basin, Guangxi, South China. It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters: extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge, the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall, rather large A3, and relatively deep infraorbital 2. Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto, it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus, particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C. fuxianensis, which are restricted to Yunnan, southwestern China. The discovery of the cyprinin †Huashancyprinus from southern China, along with the previously known late Eocene †Cyprinus maomingensis, indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae (Cyprinidae) in this area. new early cyprinin, Oligocene, South China Citation:Chen G J, Chang M M. A new early cyprinin from Oligocene

Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-like cyprinid (Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China

“…The insertion of pelvic fin lies at about the middle point of the distance between the pectoral and anal fin, posterior to the origin of dorsal fin. The dorsal fin base is relatively short compared with most other cyprinin species, but resembles that of primitive Cyprinus species (e.g., C. fuxianensis) (Chen and Huang, 1977;Luo and Yue, 2000;Chen and Yang, 2002) and the Oligocene cyprinin species †Huashancyprinus robustispinus Chen et al (2011) from the Ningming Basin, Guangxi Province. The last unbranched dorsal fin ray is robust with serrations on its posterior edge.…”

“…However, there are obvious differences between the new form and Procypris and Puntioplites. The differences between the new form and Procypris include: (1) The former bears a relatively short dorsal fin with only 9 branched rays, resembling that of the primitive species in the genus Cyprinus (e.g., C. fuxianensis) (Chen and Yang, 2002) and the Oligocene cyprinin species †Huashancyprinus robustispinus Chen and Chang (2011), whereas the latter has a relatively long dorsal fin with 15-22 branched rays, like most species in the Cyprinini sensu stricto; (2) the former has fewer vertebrae (slightly more than 30), as in most other genera in the Cyprinini sensu stricto, and the latter has much more vertebrae (39-43); (3) the teeth of the former seem more robust and lower and the grinding surface wider than in the latter (Figure 6(a)-(c)). The new form differs from Puntioplites in that: the latter has (1) a very deep body; (2) a very long last unbranched dorsal fin ray; (3) a long posterior limb of the pharyngeal bone with enlarged and recurved end; (4) a produced prominent anterior angle of the pharyngeal bone; (5) the grinding surfaces of the teeth are less concave, and the two lateral ridges of the grinding surface modified to form small cuspids on their upper end; (6) its pleural rib of the 4th vertebra turns backward in the midpoint, forming a "<" shape (Zhou, 1989), which is an apomorphic character of the genus.…”

“…But they are mainly members of Cyprinus (Chang and Chen, 2008;Chen and Chang, 2011;Gaudant and García-Alix, 2014) and Carassius-like (Obrhelová, 1970;Sytchevskaya, 1986;Zhou, 1990;Gaudant, 1997;Gaudant et al, 2002;Sach et al, 2003;Rückert-Ülkümen and Yiğibaş, 2007;Chang and Chen, 2008;Böhme, 2010) from the Neogene of Eurasia. Yet the Paleogene cyprinin fishes include only two genera and species thus far.…”

A new Oligocene Calocedrus from South China and its implications for transpacific floristic exchanges

“…Palynostratigraphic study of samples from the formation indicates an Oligocene age (Wang et al, 2003). Associated well‐preserved fishes (Chen et al, 2005; Chen and Chang, 2011) and plant megafossils (Li et al, 2003; Chen and Zhang, 2005; Shi et al, 2010, 2011) in the same formation are all of the same age. Preliminary study indicates that the Ningming flora represents a subtropical evergreen forest with some tropical elements.…”

Coryphoid palms from the Oligocene of China and their biogeographical implications

“…2; Ning et al, 1994). The age of the Ningming Formation is regarded as Oligocene based on palynostratigraphy Wang et al, 2003), plant macrofossils (Li et al, 2003), well-preserved fishes (Chen and Chang, 2011;Chen et al, 2004Chen et al, , 2005 and lithostratigraphy (Li et al, 1995;Ning et al, 1994).…”