“…The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the standard symmetric cipher, and it is optimized for text encryption [20]. In the context of image encryption, there are drawbacks considering features of images such as redundancy, similarity of adjacent pixels, along with large file sizes [7,41]. Digital images are estimated to represent around 70% of the files exchanged over the Internet [6], meaning that new techniques are being researched, and one of these techniques is the coupling of chaos theory and cryptography [9,12,18,22,23,29,32,33,36,38,42,45,48].…”