A New Electrode for Micro-Determination of Paper pH

Strlič, Matija; Pihlar, Boris; Mauko, Lea; Kolar, Jana; Hočevar, Samo B.; Ogorevc, Božidar

doi:10.1515/rest.2005.26.3.159

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Traditional methods of paper analysis therefore focus on measurement of pH [4], mechanical strength [5] and/or an assessment of depolymerisation by size exclusion chromatography [6] or spectroscopy [7-9]. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has also been used to assess paper degradation in relation to the presence of metal ions which can catalyse the oxidative degradation of cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted in libraries and archives: an inferential indicator of paper decay?

Gibson

Ewlad-Ahmed

Knight

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundA sampling campaign of indoor air was conducted to assess the typical concentration of indoor air pollutants in 8 National Libraries and Archives across the U.K. and Ireland. At each site, two locations were chosen that contained various objects in the collection (paper, parchment, microfilm, photographic material etc.) and one location was chosen to act as a sampling reference location (placed in a corridor or entrance hallway).ResultsOf the locations surveyed, no measurable levels of sulfur dioxide were detected and low formaldehyde vapour (< 18 μg m-3) was measured throughout. Acetic and formic acids were measured in all locations with, for the most part, higher acetic acid levels in areas with objects compared to reference locations. A large variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was measured in all locations, in variable concentrations, however furfural was the only VOC to be identified consistently at higher concentration in locations with paper-based collections, compared to those locations without objects. To cross-reference the sampling data with VOCs emitted directly from books, further studies were conducted to assess emissions from paper using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibres and a newly developed method of analysis; collection of VOCs onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer strip.ConclusionsIn this study acetic acid and furfural levels were consistently higher in concentration when measured in locations which contained paper-based items. It is therefore suggested that both acetic acid and furfural (possibly also trimethylbenzenes, ethyltoluene, decane and camphor) may be present in the indoor atmosphere as a result of cellulose degradation and together may act as an inferential non-invasive marker for the deterioration of paper. Direct VOC sampling was successfully achieved using SPME fibres and analytes found in the indoor air were also identified as emissive by-products from paper. Finally a new non-invasive, method of VOC collection using PDMS strips was shown to be an effective, economical and efficient way of examining VOC emissions directly from the pages of a book and confirmed that toluene, furfural, benzaldehyde, ethylhexanol, nonanal and decanal were the most concentrated VOCs emitted directly from paper measured in this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted in libraries and archives: an inferential indicator of paper decay?

Gibson

Ewlad-Ahmed

Knight

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…The cold extraction method with the modifications suggested by Strlič et al (2004) was carried out to measure the pH of all paper samples. The samples were weighed (6.6 ± 0.6 mg) and put into 1.5 mL vials, where a determined volume (462 ± 42 lL) of MilliQ water was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pH plays a crucial role in the acidcatalysed hydrolysis, the lower the pH, the faster the degradation. A number of methods have been proposed to measure pH either by extraction (Strlič et al 2004; ASTM D778-97 2007; TAPPI T509 om-15 2015) or surface determination (TAPPI T529 om-14 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative degradation of non-recycled and recycled paper

Coppola

Modelli

2020

Cellulose

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The degradation of paper-based materials involves several and complex mechanisms, such as hydrolysis and oxidation. The behaviour of different types of pulps can be very variable. In this study, the difference upon oxidation of contemporary non-recycled and recycled papers, which now constitute a considerable fibre source, is investigated. A 0.015 M potassium periodate solution is used to oxidise five types of paper, two non-recycled and three recycled, for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h. The effects of such oxidation treatments are evaluated in terms of carbonyl content and degree of polymerisation (DP). A modified procedure of the Szabolcs’s method and viscometry are used to measure the carbonyl content and DP, respectively. The carbonyl groups are found to increase more rapidly in the recycled papers than in the non-recycled ones. On the contrary, oxidation causes a larger decrease of the DP values in the non-recycled papers, the paper made of pure cellulose being the most sensitive in terms of depolymerisation. The DP values measured for pure cellulose paper are in line with previously reported data. Moreover, in accordance with the Ekenstam equation, the plots of the reciprocal of DP as a function of oxidation time show good linear correlations for all types of paper investigated. Pseudo rate constants are thus calculated from the slopes of these plots, those of the non-recycled papers being found to be higher than those of the recycled papers. Graphic abstract

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“…Unfortunately, the material surface needs to be wetted for the purpose, which is unacceptable for valuable objects. Micro-pH sensors have been developed, with which only a few micrograms of fibres are analysed since micro-sampling is occasionally permitted [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Historical Paper Based on pH Estimation from VOC Emissions

Strlič

Cigić

Kolar

et al. 2007

Sensors

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from materials during degradation can be a valuable source of information. In this work, the emissions of furfural and acetic acid from cellulose were studied using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two sampling techniques were employed: static headspace sampling using SPME for 1 h at 40 °C after 18-h sample preparation at 80 °C in a closed glass vial, and contact SPME in a stack of paper (or a book). While a number of VOCs are emitted from paper under conditions of natural or accelerated degradation, two compounds were confirmed to be of particular diagnostic value: acetic acid and furfural. The emissions of furfural are shown to correlate with pH of the cellulosic environment. Since pH is one of the most important parameters regarding durability of this material, the developed method could be used for non-destructive evaluation of historical paper.

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A New Electrode for Micro-Determination of Paper pH

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted in libraries and archives: an inferential indicator of paper decay?

Measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted in libraries and archives: an inferential indicator of paper decay?

Oxidative degradation of non-recycled and recycled paper

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Historical Paper Based on pH Estimation from VOC Emissions

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