A New Ensifer adhaerens Strain M1 is Capable of Transformation of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids

Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) on secondary sludge microorganisms: removal, potential toxicity, and their implications on existing wastewater treatment regulations in Canada

“…37,38 In addition, single-strain microorganisms and their ability to transform PFOS and PFOA have been examined in a number of studies and matrices including activated sludge from WWTP (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 40 ), soils near PFAS impacted sites (Pseudomonas parafulva, 41 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, 42 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida DD4 (ref. 43) and Ensifer adhaerens 44 ), or from Feammox processes (Acidimicrobium sp. strain A6 (ref.…”

“…The authors agreed that the accumulation of uoride ions probably had an inhibitory effect on the further degradation of PFHpA; therefore, there were no additional recorded metabolites. 42,44…”

“…2). All cultures included glucose as carbon source, except the M1 strain 44 and DD4 strain 43 that used PFOS and/or PFOA as sole carbon source.…”

Biodegradation Potential of C7-C10 Perfluorocarboxylic Acids and Data from the Genome of a New Strain of Pseudomonas mosselii 5(3)

“…In our case, it could be assumed that the destruction stops as the fluoride ion level in the medium reaches 19 mg/L (1 mM), the value at which, according to [ 68 , 69 ], this anion becomes toxic at intracellular levels. But in our early studies, microorganisms remained viable at concentrations exceeding 150 mg/L [ 70 ]. Therefore, the suppression of PFCA defluorination by its biodegradation products is more likely.…”

Bacterial transformation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a review for the field of bioremediation

“…Such strains were isolated from contaminated material such as soil from old factory sites or activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants with high PFAS concentrations. These environmental sources were used as the original innocula followed by a series of isolations using PFOS as the substrate to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HJ4, Ensifer adhaerens strain M1, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida strain 2.4-D. 90,96,115 Only one strain (Pseudomonas parafulva strain YAB1) to-date has been isolated using PFOA instead of PFOS. 92 YAB1 was subsequently put through a series of gene shuffling and reisolation procedures to modify the strain to have improved degradation efficiency.…”