This short review highlights the hitherto realised synthetic approaches towards organic 1,2-chlorohydrins by functionalisation of alkenes (i.e., 1,2-chlorohydroxylation), which is the most prominent access route to this class of compounds. Also, some other synthetic approaches involving the reduction of α-chloroketones, the epoxide opening ring by chloride anions and the utilisation of Grignard reagents for the synthesis of these compounds and chlorination of allylic alcohols are highlighted. Finally, enzymatic reactions for the formation of chlorohydrins are briefly summarised followed by a short view on natural products containing this moiety.1 Introduction2 Applications for the Synthesis of 1,2-Chlorohydrins2.1 Chlorohydroxylation of Alkenes2.2 Reduction of Chloroketones2.3 Metalorganic Reagents2.4 Epoxide Ring Opening2.5 Chlorination of Allylic Alcohols2.6 Biochemical Methods2.7 Selected Applications in Natural Product Total Synthesis3 Conclusion