A new era for treating vaginal aplasia using transretropubic balloon vaginoplasty approach

Septate uterus with complete vaginal agenesis: an undescribed Müllerian malformation

“…Most cases of vaginal agenesis encountered in the literature are MRKH syndrome, lower vaginal agenesis, or those associated with cervical atresia [10][11][12][13][14]. Oppelt et al reported a cohort of 284 women with MRKH syndrome, only 0.7 % of whom presented with a hypoplastic uterus.…”

“…Darwish et al [10] performed a technique of transretropubic balloon vaginoplasty in four patients. Only one patient had a functioning uterus and a second operation was required to achieve communication between the cervix and neovagina [10,11]. El Saman et al [12] reported five cases of cervical atresia, two of which were associated with vaginal agenesis.…”

The Greek Surgeon-Gynecologist Savvas Georgiadis (1857-1942) and the First Vaginal Reconstruction in Smyrna

“…5 From the description of the vaginal reconstruction by Abbe and McIndoe to the more recently described retropubic balloon methods, all vaginoplasty techniques involve creation of a neovagina space between the rectum and the bladder as a pivotal step of the procedure, achieved by several methods including dissection, traction, or distension. 8 The neovagina canal is reconstructed by the use of autologous tissues including skin grafts, local flaps, peritoneum, colon, buccal mucosa, and vaginal cell cultures or by application of biological allogenic or bioengineered materials. 9,10 The presented clinical problem confronted by Georgiadis refers to partial vaginal aplasia (Class V-d longitudinal fusion defect) with hematocolpos.…”