In this study, a narrowband (NB) internet of things (IoT) medical device (MD) wireless communication system was established, in which a multi-hop source to the MD network shared the downlink and uplink resources to probe and control the MDs of hospital patients. A multicast data packet was distributed over the multi-hop MD networks, and a random linear network coding approach was applied in the source instead of the intermediate nodes. We evaluated the MD probe cycle between a master station and remote terminal units, which were connected with several critical devices in a medical room. Furthermore, an accelerated end-to-end (E2E) probing protocol was established in the wireless mesh network to minimize the probing cycle of the health devices. In particular, a faster protocol was developed to address the probe and control subproblem. The proposed approach could assist in realizing the accelerated E2E probing for NB-IoT MDs, reducing the number of retransmissions, recovering lost packets, and providing a prompt overview of the medical network performance, based on several basic parameters. Furthermore, in a comparative study of the contemporary probing cycle techniques, the proposed protocol notably outperformed several widely used protocols, with the improvements typically exceeding 71% and 60%, respectively.