A new “flagship” ciliate, Pseudostylonychia obliquocaudata n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), from South Korea

Omar, Atef; Yeo, Jeong Hyeon; Jung, Jae-Ho

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125893

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the genetic data of the Indian T. pustulata seems inconsistent with the morphological data. However, Kaur et al ( 2020 ) did not mention whether the cyst they described belongs to a single population or all populations produce cysts with the same morphology, an important characteristic used for the differentiation between morphologically similar species (Kumar et al, 2016 ; Bharti et al, 2019 ; Omar et al, 2022 ). Within the 12 sequences of T. pustulata in GenBank database, only two of which are identical to each other indicating that T. pustulata complex contains a high number of cryptic or pseudocryptic species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was assembled using Geneious 9.1.5 (Kearse et al, 2012 ). To determine the phylogenetic position of the new species, rRNA gene sequences of 134 hypotrich ciliates were retrieved from the NCBI database including the outgroup taxa, the urostylid clades I and II, and the 35 stylonychids [ Coniculostomum monilata (MT364889), Laurentiella strenua (AJ310487, HM140403, JX893368), Metastylonychia nodulinucleata (KY353799), Pseudostylonychia obliquocaudata (ON054917), Stylonychia ammermanni (FM209295, KP271125, MN159076), S. koreana (KX344906), S. lemnae (AF164124, AF508773, AJ310496, AJ310497, AM086653, AM086654, AM233913–AM233917, AM260993, AM260994, KX138655, and MN159068), and S. mytilus (AF164123, AF508774, AJ310498, AJ310499, AM086663–AM086667, and EF535730)] from Omar et al ( 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all

2023

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The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of the polymorphic and cannibalistic giant forming Tetmemena polymorpha n. sp., found in a brackish water sample in South Korea, were investigated. The present species has long been misidentified as “Oxytricha bifaria.” The new investigation shows that the species produces three morphologically different morphs. The small morph is bacterivorous and characterized by its small body size and slim body and it is found only in the stationary and decline phases of the culture. The large morph has a wide body, larger oral apparatus, and feeds on small eukaryotes such as yeast cells and small ciliates. It divides very quickly and produces the other two morphs and found in the exponential phase of the cultures. The giant morph is characterized by its huge body and oral apparatus. It feeds on the small morph cells of the same species and other ciliates, and occurs together with the small morph. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences show that the new species is placed in a sister subclade to that containing other Tetmemena sequences. Moreover, Tetmemena indica Bharti et al., 2019 nov. stat. is raised to species level based on the differences in the cyst morphology and the dorsal ciliature to the authoritative Tetmemena pustulata population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all

2023

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“…Ciliated protists (ciliates) are a group of unicellular eukaryotes with high species diversity that are an important component of aquatic ecosystems (Campello-Nunes et al 2022 ; Chen et al 2022 ; Chi et al 2021 , 2022 ; Ma et al 2022a , b ; Méndez-Sánchez et al 2022 ; Omar et al 2022 ; Safi et al 2022 ; Song et al 2022 ; Wang et al 2022b ; Wu et al 2020 ; Ye et al 2022 ; Zhang et al 2022a , b ). The order Sessilida Kahl, 1933, which comprises about 105–140 genera and more than 800 species, is widely distributed in aquatic environments and has attracted the intertest of researchers for almost 350 years (Foissner et al 1992 , 2010 ; Kahl 1935 ; Lynn 2008 ; Nenninger 1948 ; Stiller 1971 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) found in Lake Weishan Wetland: morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus, Parapiosoma gen. nov., and two new species

Wu,

Cheng,

Cao

et al. 2023

Mar Life Sci Technol

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During a study on the diversity of ciliated protists in Lake Weishan Wetland, the largest wetland in northern China, four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs were isolated from aquatic host animals. Two of them, i.e., Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 and Epistylis lwoffi Fauré-Fremiet, 1943, were known species whereas the other two, i.e., Parapiosoma typicum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov., are new to science. The new genus Parapiosoma gen. nov. is characterized by its branched non-contractile stalk, everted peristomial lip, obconical macronucleus and transverse silverlines. Two species are assigned to the new genus, namely Parapiosoma typicum sp. nov. and Parapiosoma gasterostei (Fauré-Fremiet, 1905) comb. nov. Morphologically, P. typicum sp. nov. is recognized by its goblet-shaped zooids, single-layered peristomial lip, dichotomously branched stalk, and infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) containing three equal-length rows. Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov. is characterized by its slender zooid, curved macronucleus, and three equal-length rows in infundibular P3. Improved diagnoses and redescriptions of E. cambari and E. lwoffi are provided including, for the first time, data on the ciliature of E. cambari. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA -ITS2, and LSU rDNA sequence data strongly support the assertion that the family Epistylididae comprises morphospecies with different evolutionary lineages and indicate that Parapiosoma gen. nov. may represent a new taxon at family level.

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“…The ciliated protists are an interesting and diverse group of single-cell microbial eukaryotes that play an important role in microbial food webs and are also useful as model organisms in studies of development, evolution, and molecular biology (Obert and Vd ̌acňy, 2020;Park et al, 2020;Song et al, 2021;Vd ̌acňyá nd Foissner, 2021;Ahsan et al, 2022;Timmons et al, 2022;Valentine and Van Houten, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022b). Hypotrichs (subclass Hypotricha Stein, 1859) are a complex group of ciliates that are frequently studied but, despite this (or perhaps because of this), remains one of the most confusing groups with respect to their taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships (Chen et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021;Luo et al, 2021;Omar et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The description of a new brackish water ciliate species from China, Trachelostyla aestuarina n. sp., with a species key and biogeographic investigation for Trachelostyla (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)

et al. 2022

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The ciliated protists are a diverse group of microbial eukaryotes that play an important role in the functioning of microbial food webs. The genus Trachelostyla Borror, 1972, comprised a few species with a non-twisted distinctly cephalized shape. The overall taxonomy has been challenging for this group, and the understanding of their diversity and distribution is therefore relatively limited. To further investigate this group, we report here on two species from the East China Sea, Trachelostyla aestuarina n. sp. and Trachelostyla caudata Borror, 1972, including their in vivo morphology, infraciliature, and phylogenetic relationships based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. The physiological reorganization stages of the latter were also investigated. T. aestuarina is characterized by a combination of features including a bipartite cell shape, a size of 150–220 × 15–35 μm, scattered cortical granules, and multiple macronuclear nodules (37–55). T. caudata has only 10 cirri in the frontal region, fewer than its congeners; thus, we improved the definition of the genus. The global distribution of Trachelostyla was summarized based on the available literature and a key to the valid species provided. This work improves the overall knowledge of hypotrich biodiversity and provides underpinning for future researchers in global regions for environmental monitoring and resource investigations.

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A new “flagship” ciliate, Pseudostylonychia obliquocaudata n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), from South Korea

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all

Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all

On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) found in Lake Weishan Wetland: morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus, Parapiosoma gen. nov., and two new species

The description of a new brackish water ciliate species from China, Trachelostyla aestuarina n. sp., with a species key and biogeographic investigation for Trachelostyla (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)

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