A new formulation of polymer gel dosimeter with reduced toxicity: Dosimetric characteristics and radiological properties

Rashidi, Abdulrahman; Abtahi, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi; Saeedzadeh, Elham; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil

doi:10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Monomers such as acrylamide and Bis are toxic (acrylamide is a serious neurotoxin and a suspected human teratogen and carcinogen) and therefore gels containing them should be prepared, used and handled with great care. Major efforts are devoted to searching alternative monomers with lower toxicity [ 100 , 103 , 104 ]. In particular, the toxic acrylamide inside the polyacrylamide gel dosimeter has been replaced with less harmful monomer i.e., 2-Acrylamido-2-MethylPropane Sulfonic acid (AMPS).…”

Section: Polyacrylamide Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

Marrale

D’Errico

2021

Gels

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Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30–50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have been developed, they do not allow the truly continuous 3D dose measurements offered by radiation-sensitive gels. The gels are tissue equivalent, so they also serve as phantoms, and their response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate. Some of them are infused with ferrous sulfate and rely on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (Fricke-gels). Other formulations consist of monomers dispersed in a gelatinous medium (Polyacrylamide gels) and rely on radiation-induced polymerization, which creates a stable polymer structure. In both gel types, irradiation causes changes in proton relaxation rates that are proportional to locally absorbed dose and can be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes in color and/or opacification of the gels also occur upon irradiation, allowing the use of optical tomography techniques. In this work, we review both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels with emphasis on their chemical and physical properties and on their applications for radiation dosimetry.

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Section: Polyacrylamide Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the toxic acrylamide inside the polyacrylamide gel dosimeter has been replaced with less harmful monomer i.e., 2-Acrylamido-2-MethylPropane Sulfonic acid (AMPS). AMPS sodium salt [ 100 ] and AMPS potassium salt [ 103 ] were used for producing these lower toxicity gels.…”

Section: Polyacrylamide Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

Marrale

D’Errico

2021

Gels

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“…A mixture of gelatine and agar was investigated with an arbitrary shape [ 15 ]. Polymer gel dosimeters with reduced toxicity were proposed [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, great interest is focused on the new monomer investigation, such as N-Vinylcaprolactam [ 18 ], N-(Isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide [ 19 ], and N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-End QA with Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Photon Beam Radiation Therapy

Zhu

Peng

et al. 2023

Gels

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With the complexity and high demands on quality assurance (QA) of photon beam radiation therapy, end-to-end (E2E) QA is necessary to validate the entire treatment workflow from pre-treatment imaging to beam delivery. A polymer gel dosimeter is a promising tool for three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution measurement. The purpose of this study is to design a fast “one delivery” polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for the E2E QA test of the photon beam. The one delivery phantom is composed of ten calibration cuvettes for the calibration curve measurement, two 10 cm gel dosimeter inserts for the dose distribution measurement, and three 5.5 cm gel dosimeters for the square field measurement. The one delivery phantom holder is comparable in size and shape to that of a human thorax and abdomen. In addition, an anthropomorphic head phantom was employed to measure the patient-specific dose distribution of a VMAT plan. The E2E dosimetry was verified by undertaking the whole RT procedure (immobilization, CT simulation, treatment planning, phantom set-up, imaged-guided registration, and beam delivery). The calibration curve, field size, and patient-specific dose were measured with a polymer gel dosimeter. The positioning error can be mitigated with the one-delivery PMMA phantom holder. The delivered dose measured with a polymer gel dosimeter was compared with the planned dose. The gamma passing rate is 86.64% with the MAGAT-f gel dosimeter. The results ascertain the feasibility of the one delivery phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for a photon beam in E2E QA. The QA time can be reduced with the designed one delivery phantom.

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“…Various tissue equivalent dosimeters with electron density close to distilled water were used in the field of radiation dosimetry to validate the radiotherapy treatment planning system such as gel dosimeters (Kron et al , 2016; Valente et al , 2018; Soliman, 2014; Soliman et al , 2019; Maeyama et al , 2019; Rashidi et al , 2020). In general, the gel dosimeters take the form of the containers in which they were formed and allow realistic three-dimensional (3D) radiation conditions with high spatial resolution such as polymer gel dosimeters, particularly with modern techniques of treatment complex radiotherapy (Rabaeh et al , 2013; Furuta et al , 2015; Adliene et al , 2018; Jaszczak et al , 2018; Maeyama et al , 2018; Azadeh et al , 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of polymerization N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy

Rabaeh

Eyadeh

2022

PRT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dosimetric properties of N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide (NMPA) polymer gel dosimeter using UV-vis spectrophotometry as a simple and low-cost method. Design/methodology/approach The gel samples have been irradiated to various doses using a medical linear accelerator with 6 MV beam energy. The optical density of un-irradiated and irradiated NMPA polymer gel dosimeters in terms of absorbance at 500 nm was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Findings The absorbance values of the gel samples were increased linearly with increasing dose in the dose range between 2 and 20 Gy. A remarkable improvement in the dose response was noticed after the addition of various concentrations of glycerol. The impact of dose rate, beam energy and the post-stability of the exposed gels was studied and found consistent with the previous study using nuclear magnetic resonance results (energy independent and dose rate independent, stable up to one week). Practical implications The results of the independent experimental spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicate that the NMPA polymer gel dosimeter has good and consistent dosimetric features for radiotherapy dosimetry. Originality/value The ionizing radiation-induced polymerization of gel samples leads to a change in the absorbance of the irradiated gel samples. This study introduces the first characterization of NMPA gel dosimeter by means of UV-vis spectrophotometer.

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A new formulation of polymer gel dosimeter with reduced toxicity: Dosimetric characteristics and radiological properties

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

End-to-End QA with Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Photon Beam Radiation Therapy

Optical properties of polymerization N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy

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