A New Fossil of Necrotauliidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Jiulongshan Formation of China and Its Taxonomic Significance

Abstract

Background Acisarcuatus variradius gen. et sp. nov., an extinct new species representing a new genus, is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this paper, we revised the diagnosis of Necrotauliidae Handlirsch, 1906. One new genus and species of Necrotauliidae is described. An analysis based on the fossil morphological characters clarified the taxonomic status of the new taxa.Conclusions/SignificanceNew fossil evidence supports the viewpoint that the family Necrotauliidae belongs to the Integripalpia.

A Review of Necrotauliids from the Triassic/Jurassic of England (Trichoptera: Necrotauliidae)

“…A similar structure is found in in the non-Glossatan Lepidoptera and is assumed to be present in Tarachoptera, but it is small and not visible externally [26]. The haustellum has not previously been reported in any specimen of necrotauliid; coupled with the similarity of wing venation with other basal amphiesmenopterans it has been difficult to say with any degree of certainty whether Necrotauliidae do belong to Trichoptera [18,20] or are stemamphiesmenopterans [12,14].…”

“…A possible philopotamid was described from the Ladinian\Carnian of Madygen, Kyrgyzstan, and prorhyacophilids and necrotauliids have also been described from this locality; thus these are potentially the oldest true Trichoptera (see [19]). The genus Acisarcuatus was described from the Middle Jurassic of China and placed in the Necrotauliidae [20]. The authors were able to include body characteristics which they suggested supported the family's placement in the Trichoptera.…”

“…The authors were able to include body characteristics which they suggested supported the family's placement in the Trichoptera. The specimen is well preserved, showing genitalia and maxillary palps, and [20] suggested that the presence of harpagones ("claspers") is a synapomorphy of Trichoptera, citing [21,22]. Both papers do mention the presence of harpagones but neither indicate that this is synapomorphic for the Trichoptera.…”

“…Also listed by Liu et al [20] were Necropsis Hong and Karatauliodes Sukatsheva; however the former was regarded as belonging to Mecoptera and the latter was designated as a junior synonym of Necrotaulius [18]. Zhang et al [18] also described a new species of Acisarcuatus and listed the following additional genera within the Necrotauliidae: Cretotaulius Sukatsheva; Karataulius Sukatsheva; Mesotrichopteridium Handlirsch; Necrotaulius Handlirsch; Pteromixanum Sukatsheva and Jarzembowski; and Scyphindusia Sukatsheva.…”

Phylogeny of Evanioidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita), with descriptions of new Mesozoic species from China and Myanmar

“…The Jiulongshan Formation belongs to the well‐recognized Yanliao Biota, which is known for yielding feathered dinosaurs, mammals, conifers, and numerous insect taxa such as Coleoptera (Chang et al ., ), Trichoptera (Liu et al ., ), Lepidoptera (Zhang et al ., ), Grylloblattodea (Cui & Ren, ), Diptera (Shi et al, 2015) and Hymenoptera (Li et al ., , ), among others. Based on Ar‐Ar and SHRIMP U‐Pb dating, the Jiulongshan Formation corresponds to uppermost strata of the Middle Jurassic.…”