A new generation Griggs apparatus with active acoustic monitoring

Moarefvand, Arefeh; Gasc, Julien; Fauconnier, Julien; Baïsset, Marie; Burdette, Eric; Labrousse, Loïc; Schubnel, Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229032

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The incorporation of fluid components into the assembly motivated the use of axial thermocouples placed below the sample, rather than a radial thermocouple entering through the furnace toward the center of the sample. Thermal modeling (Moarefvand et al, 2021;Burdette, 2021, Section C.1) and previous studies (Kirby & Kronenberg, 1984) indicate that the axial thermocouple measures a 10°C colder area of the sample column, representing a more reliable (due to much lower thermal gradients), but also lower bound on the sample temperature.…”

Section: Sample Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions

Burdette

Hirth

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Subduction zones are among the most seismically active tectonic environments on Earth. The wide spectrum of brittle and ductile behavior in the down-going slab and nearby mantle control seismic coupling, deep fluid transport, and local mantle convection. The interplay between rheology and metamorphic reactions is key to understanding tectonic dynamics and evolution of subduction structure at depth. To explain a range of observations from subduction zones (e.g., heat flow, location of volcanic front, slab seismicity, seismic structure of the mantle wedge), thermal models require slab decoupling from the mantle wedge down to a depth of approximately 80 km (e.g., Syracuse et al., 2010;Wada et al., 2008). Owing to its relative weakness compared to other lithospheric minerals, the presence of serpentine along the interface has been called on to promote this decoupling (e.g., Wada & Wang, 2009). In altered oceanic lithosphere and mantle wedge, antigorite is the stable serpentine polytype at these high pressure/high temperature conditions (Schwartz et al., 2013;Wunder & Schreyer, 1997).The rheology of antigorite at high pressure has been investigated in a wide range of experimental studies. Flow laws constrained by strain rate stepping experiments from these studies have reported both dislocation creep behavior (

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Section: Sample Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions

Burdette

Hirth

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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“…We performed another deformation test using the same powder in a Griggs deformation rig at constant pressure and temperature conditions of 2.5 GPa and $700 C and a deformation rate of 4Á10 À6 s À1 . Information about the sample assembly used can be found in Moarefvand et al (2021). A second experiment was conducted in another Griggs apparatus at 2.5 GPa at 900 C. The strain rate was $5Á10 À5 s À1 .…”

Section: Experimental and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial melting and reaction along deformation features in plagioclase

Incel

Baïsset

Labrousse

et al. 2022

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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Geological processes involving deformation and/or reactions are highly influenced by the rock grain size, especially if diffusion-controlled processes take place such as metamorphic reactions and diffusion creep. Although many processes, inducing grain-size reduction, are documented and understood at relatively high stresses and low temperatures (e.g., cataclasis) as well as at lower stress and higher temperature conditions (e.g., bulging and subgrain rotation), deformation twinning, a plastic deformation mechanism active in various minerals at lower temperatures, has been neglected as nucleation site for melting and reaction and thus as a cause for grain-size reduction so far. We conducted experiments on natural plagioclase-bearing aggregates at 2.5 to 3 GPa confining pressure and temperatures of 700 C to 950 C using two different deformation apparatus, a deformation multianvil apparatus (DDIA) and a Griggs press, as well as a piston-cylinder apparatus. Regardless of the apparatus type, we observe the breakdown of plagioclase into an eclogite-facies paragenesis, which is associated with partial melting in the high temperature domain of the eclogite facies. Partial melting mostly takes place along the grain and interphase boundaries. However, several melt patches or plagioclase decomposition products coincide with the occurrence of deformation twins and grain-scale microcracking in plagioclase indicating intracrystalline melting and reaction in addition to melting and reaction along grain and interphase boundaries. In the present study, we demonstrate how the interplay between brittle microcracking and plastic deformation twinning can cause intracrystalline melting and/or reaction, which has the potential to lower the effective grain size of plagioclase-rich rocks and thus impacts their reactivity and deformation behaviour.

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“…In particular, it may be a useful technique to obtain load in solid medium apparatus that suffer from large uncertainties resulting from seal friction (Holyoke and Kronenberg, 2010). It would also directly complement the method suggested by Moarefvand et al (2021), where arrival times of use transmitted waves are used to infer column length in a Griggs apparatus.…”

Section: Article Scitationorg/journal/rsimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At more extreme test conditions, measurements of physical properties are significantly more difficult to obtain. Due to the limited sample size and access, Griggs apparatus are the most challenging apparatus to instrument, and studies have been limited to acoustic emission (Blacic and Hagman, 1977;Ghaffari and Pec, 2020) and axial P-wave velocity (Moarefvand et al, 2021). In gas apparatus, in situ measurements during deformation have included volume changes (Fischer and Paterson, 1989), permeability (Fischer, 1992), acoustic emission (Burlini et al, 2007), electrical conductivity (Ferri et al, 2009), and high frequency displacement (Hayward et al, 2016).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

A high pressure, high temperature gas medium apparatus to measure acoustic velocities during deformation of rock

Harbord

Brantut

David

et al. 2022

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new setup to measure acoustic wave velocities through deforming rock samples at high pressures (up to 1000 MPa), temperatures (up to 700 °C), and differential stresses (up to 1500 MPa) has been developed in a recently refurbished gas medium triaxial deformation apparatus. The conditions span a wide range of geological environments and allow us to accurately measure differential stress and strains at conditions that are typically only accessible in solid medium apparatus. Calibrations of our newly constructed internal furnace up to 1000 MPa confining pressure and temperatures of up to 400 °C demonstrate that the hot zone is displaced downward with increasing confining pressure, resulting in temperature gradients that are minimized by adequately adjusting the sample position. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are conducted in the direction of compression by the pulse-transmission method. Arrival times are corrected for delays resulting from the geometry of the sample assembly, and high-precision relative measurements are obtained by cross correlation. Delays for waves reflected at the interface between the loading piston and sample are nearly linearly dependent on differential applied load due to the load dependence of interface stiffness. Measurements of such delays can be used to infer sample load internally. We illustrate the working of the apparatus by conducting experiments on limestone at 200 MPa confining pressure and room temperature and 400 °C. Ultrasonic data clearly show that deformation is dominated by microcracking at low temperature and by intracrystalline plasticity at high temperature.

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A new generation Griggs apparatus with active acoustic monitoring

Cited by 12 publications

References 70 publications

Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions

Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions

Partial melting and reaction along deformation features in plagioclase

A high pressure, high temperature gas medium apparatus to measure acoustic velocities during deformation of rock

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