A new generation of biocides for control of crustacea in fish farms

Robertson, Peter K. J.; Black, Kenneth D.; Adams, Morgan; Willis, Kate; Buchan, Fraser; Orr, Heather; Lawton, Linda A.; McCullagh, Cathy

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.12.009

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ongoing developments in photodynamic biocides are promising environmentally friendlier alternatives (Robertson et al . ), which remain to be scaled‐up and tested under commercial production conditions.…”

Section: Anticipating the Environmental Impacts Of The Expansion Of Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the rapid dilution and rapid degradation of these compounds, their immediate negative effects seem limited to the immediate surroundings of the treated cages. Ongoing developments in photodynamic biocides are promising environmentally friendlier alternatives (Robertson et al 2009), which remain to be scaled-up and tested under commercial production conditions.…”

Section: Effects Of Chemotherapeutic and Antifouling Substances Upon mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southward expansion of the Chilean salmon industry in the Patagonian Fjords: main environmental challenges

Niklitschek

Soto

Lafon

et al. 2013

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Chile is the second largest producer of farmed salmon in the world. After reaching a peak harvest of 631 000 tonnes in 2008, a severe sanitary and production crisis triggered a major legal and operational reorganization, and an imminent expansion of the industry into the Aysén Fjords System (AFS). This expansion has caused increasing national and international concern about its potential negative impact upon this pristine area, which holds a mosaic of unique ecosystems and three World Biosphere Reserves. This paper reviews and provides some upper bounds to potential impacts under two feasible production scenarios. It is concluded that severe but highly localized mid‐term damage to the sea‐floor bottom may affect up to 6200 ha. Although this surface area represents only 0.5% of the AFS, the high heterogeneity and limited scientific knowledge of local ecosystems increase the risks of damaging sensitive habitats, communities or populations. While additional inputs of up to 60 000 t of nitrogen and 8000 t of phosphorus can be predicted, the estimation of carrying capacities is a pendant and urgent task to be accomplished in this area. If current escape rates are not reduced, the average number of escaped salmon may exceed 4.4 million individuals each year, able to consume up to 6600 t of pelagic prey from local ecosystems. We recommend following a strict precautionary approach, not granting new farming leases until sufficient information about the risk and magnitude of these impacts is obtained and transformed into effective management actions.

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Section: Anticipating the Environmental Impacts Of The Expansion Of Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Chemotherapeutic and Antifouling Substances Upon mentioning

confidence: 99%

Southward expansion of the Chilean salmon industry in the Patagonian Fjords: main environmental challenges

Niklitschek

Soto

Lafon

et al. 2013

Reviews in Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, contamination by dyes [ 19 ] and the resulting phototoxicity represent a significant risk for human health and wildlife preservation. In addition, other pharmacological agents showing undesired photoactivity must be taken into account (e.g., antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antirheumatic, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs), which have also revealed to be phototoxic [ 21 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 36 , 43 , 44 ]. As a logical consequence, it is increasingly necessary to evaluate the phototoxicity of possible drugs or xenobiotics to induce or prevent, respectively, biological effects through the design and development of simple, precise and cheap bioassays for oxidative stress-dependent phototoxicity studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, xenobiotics such as herbicides, pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, cosmetics and personal care products are also photoactive environmental pollutants that, when illuminated, exert adverse effects on the quality of river and lake water, soil sediments and living organisms [ 23 – 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay

et al. 2015

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Phototoxicity consists in the capability of certain innocuous molecules to become toxic when subjected to suitable illumination. In order to discover new photoactive drugs or characterize phototoxic pollutants, it would be advantageous to use simple biological tests of phototoxicy. In this work, we present a pilot screening of 37 dyes to test for phototoxic effects in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Populations of this nematode were treated with different dyes, and subsequently exposed to 30 min of white light. Behavioral outcomes were quantified by recording the global motility using an infrared tracking device (WMicrotracker). Of the tested compounds, 17 dyes were classified as photoactive, being phloxine B, primuline, eosin Y, acridine orange and rose Bengal the most phototoxic. To assess photoactivity after uptake, compounds were retested after washing them out of the medium before light irradiation. Dye uptake into the worms was also analyzed by staining or fluorescence. All the positive drugs were incorporated by animals and produced phototoxic effects after washing. We also tested the stress response being triggered by the treatments through reporter strains. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response (hsp-4::GFP strain) was activated by 22% of phototoxic dyes, and mitochondrial stress response (hsp-6::GFP strain) was induced by 16% of phototoxic dyes. These results point to a phototoxic perturbation of the protein functionality and an oxidative stress similar to that reported in cell cultures. Our work shows for the first time the feasibility of C. elegans for running phototoxic screenings and underscores its application on photoactive drugs and environmental pollutants assessment.

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“…Among a number of chemical treatments for sealice (for example see reviews by Torrisen et al, 2013;Burridge et al, 2010;Robertson et al, 2009), hydrogen peroxide has been identified as a potential disinfectant (Toovey et al, 2000;Treasurer and Grant, 1997;Johnson et al, 1993). Primarily, hydrogen peroxide is believed to act by either killing the copepod directly through oxidation of cell membranes, or else causing it to detach from the skin surface (Torrisen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Oxidative Disinfectants For Control Of Sea Lice In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater treatment of amoebic gill disease and sea-lice in seawater salmon production: Considerations of water chemistry and fish welfare in Norway

Powell

Reynolds²,

Kristensen

2015

Aquaculture

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a b s t r a c tProportions of reversible and irreversible magnetization processes in the overall magnetization process were studied in a complex view of magnetic, thermal and electrical properties of iron-phenolphormaldehyde resin composites. They were determined experimentally at different values of magnetic induction along the initial curve. The results of total, differential, reversible and irreversible permeability measurement as well as the analysis of DC energy losses revealed the same tendencies: The numbers of movable domain walls (determining the extent of reversible processes) depend on the magnetic particle size and the resin content through the demagnetizing fields produced by the particle surfaces, lowering the interaction between particles. Thermal diffusivity was compared with Hashin-Shtrikman model indicating good insulation of particles.

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A new generation of biocides for control of crustacea in fish farms

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Southward expansion of the Chilean salmon industry in the Patagonian Fjords: main environmental challenges

Southward expansion of the Chilean salmon industry in the Patagonian Fjords: main environmental challenges

Reliable Screening of Dye Phototoxicity by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Fast Bioassay

Freshwater treatment of amoebic gill disease and sea-lice in seawater salmon production: Considerations of water chemistry and fish welfare in Norway

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