A new genus and two new species of monstrilloid copepods (Copepoda: Monstrillidae): integrating morphological, molecular phylogenetic, and ecological evidence

A New Species of Monstrillopsis Sars, 1921 (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) with an Unusually Reduced Urosome

“…The sample was initially fixed with 99.5% ethanol on-site and the fixative was exchanged for fresh 99.5% ethanol in the laboratory. Monstrilloids were sorted out from the bulk collection under a SMZ645 stereomicroscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and kept refrigerated at 4 • C. The osmotic shock of ethanol fixation caused the cephalothorax of many specimens to collapse, so monstrilloid specimens used for morphological analysis were exposed to 0.25% trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate solution (Na 3 PO 4 •12H 2 O; Daejung Chemicals and Metals, Siheung, Korea) to restore its original shape [3,12,31]. An Eclipse 80i compound microscope with a drawing tube and differential interference optics was used for preparing illustrations.…”

“…Serious research on monstrilloids in Korea began less than a decade ago with the first record of Cymbasoma striifrons Chang, 2012. So far nine species in four genera have been reported from Korea's eastern and southern coastal waters [3,[22][23][24][25][26]. The site of the present study, the Chuja Islands, is a group of 42 small islands, four of which are inhabited.…”

Peer Review #3 of "First use of molecular evidence to match sexes in the Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), and taxonomic implications of the newly recognized and described, partly Maemonstrilla-like females of Monstrillopsis longilobata Lee, Kim & Chang, 2016 (v0.1)"

“…Amplification of the mtCOI gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was initially attempted using the so-called "universal primers" LCO1490 and HCO2198 (Folmer et al, 1994), but the amplification success rate was generally low. Jeon, Lee & Soh (2018) were able to determine 24 mtCOI gene sequences from 41 monstrilloid individuals, a success rate of just 58.5%. The rate was especially low for Caromiobenella castorea Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018 (2 of 5 individuals; 40%), Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 (0 of 9; 0%), and Monstrillopsis longilobata (2 of 6; 33%), although the other six studied species had much higher success rates (Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018: S1 Table).…”

“…Jeon, Lee & Soh (2018) were able to determine 24 mtCOI gene sequences from 41 monstrilloid individuals, a success rate of just 58.5%. The rate was especially low for Caromiobenella castorea Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018 (2 of 5 individuals; 40%), Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 (0 of 9; 0%), and Monstrillopsis longilobata (2 of 6; 33%), although the other six studied species had much higher success rates (Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018: S1 Table). For successful PCR in the present study, the internal forward primer XcoiF was newly designed on the basis of the alignment of previously submitted monstrilloid mtCOI gene sequences (Table S2, Fig.…”

“…Monstrillopsis-like features include a moderately developed oral papilla, an inner seta on the first exopodal and endopodal segments of legs 1-4, four caudal setae, and the general shape Manuscript to be reviewed morphological characters or character combinations support the monophyly of Monstrillopsis or Maemonstrilla; 2) the unknown males of Maemonstrilla may provide crucial evidence for one classification or another; 3) There are insufficient molecular data to address phylogenetic considerations within the Monstrilloida; 4) the current female Mn. longilobata itself is disqualified to represent Monstrillopsis in this connection on account of its unusual morphological character set; and 5) a nomenclatural problem is presented by the possible synonymy of Monstrillopsis and Haemocera, the latter having priority (see Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018).…”