A new gigantic earthworm of the genus<i>Metaphire</i>Sims and Easton (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan with reference to evolutional trends in body sizes and segment numbers of the<i>Pheretima</i>genus-group

Tsai, Chu‐Fa; Tsai, Shang-Jeng; Shen, Huei‐Ping

doi:10.1080/0022293021000053867

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Among them, M. paiwanna and M. bununa have been inferred to have close phylogenetic relationships with M. riukiuensis from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Tsai CF et al 2000c) and with M. taiwanensis, a gigantic earthworm from Taiwan (Tsai et al 2004). The close resemblance in external characters between M. riukiuensis and A. formosae has also been mentioned (Ohfuchi 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, M. nanaoensis, which should be grouped with M. paiwanna, M. bununa and M. taiwanensis, belongs to the octothecate protandric stephensoni-group (Tsai et al 2004) within the genus Metaphire. However, comparing the morphology of the eight species, including M. riukiuensis, M. yuanpowa, M. tahanmonta, M. paiwanna, M. bununa, M. taiwanensis, M. nanaoensis, and A. formosae, we strongly suggest that they are more closely related to each other than to con-group earthworm species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1999, 26 earthworm species were reviewed (Shih et al 1999). However, 29 more species were reported in the next 5 years (Tsai CF et al 1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2004Tsai SC et al 2000;Chang et al 2001;Shen et al , 2003Chen and Chuang 2003). Among these species, endemism is about 52.7%, including 29 species.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Three new species of octothecate pheretimoid earthworms from Taiwan, with discussion on the biogeography of related species

Chang¹,

Chen²

2005

Journal of Natural History

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Three new species of octothecate Metaphire pheretimoid earthworms are described from Taiwan. They have close phylogenetic relationships with five described species, Metaphire paiwanna, Metaphire bununa, Metaphire riukiuensis, Metaphire taiwanensis, and Amynthas formosae. These eight species are all octothecate. They have similar body size, colour, prostate glands and caeca, and the seven species belonging to the genus Metaphire have C-shaped male pores. Excluding M. riukiuensis, which has been found only in the Ryukyu Islands, the other seven species are endemic species in Taiwan. Each of them has a distinct geographical distribution. Accordingly, we inferred that the ancestor of these eight species, including M. riukiuensis, came to Taiwan from the continent of East Asia during the Pleistocene. A few of their descendants went northward to the Ryukyu Islands and were isolated. The others remained in Taiwan, dispersed, and were isolated by geographical barriers such as mountains and rivers. Subsequent allopatric speciation events in Taiwan and in the Ryukyu Islands then generated these eight species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three new species of octothecate pheretimoid earthworms from Taiwan, with discussion on the biogeography of related species

Chang¹,

Chen²

2005

Journal of Natural History

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“…A total of 19 new species and subspecies of earthworms have been reported from central Taiwan since 1999 (Tsai et al 1999(Tsai et al , 2000(Tsai et al , 2001(Tsai et al , 2002(Tsai et al , 2004b(Tsai et al , 2007Shen et al , 2003. Among them, Metaphire taiwanensis Tsai et al, 2004 with a live body length of 860 mm is the largest earthworm ever found from the island of Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan, with comments on some recent species assignments in Amynthas and Metaphire

Shen

Chang

Chih

2019

Zootaxa

Self Cite

768

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This study describes two new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan. They are named Amynthas luridus sp. nov. and Amynthas ruiyenensis sp. nov. Both species are octothecal with the former found at elevations of 1500–2300 m and the latter at an elevation of 2200 m from the Central Mountain Range. In addition, DNA barcodes are made available for the first time for the following species: Amynthas catenus Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas exiguus aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas proasacceus Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas hohuanmontis Tsai et al., 2002, Amynthas tessellatus Shen et al., 2002, Amynthas fenestrus Shen et al., 2003, Amynthas tantulus Shen et al., 2003, and Amynthas uvaglandularis Shen et al., 2003. Furthermore, Amynthas exiguus ssp. aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001 distributed at elevations of 2200–3000 m in the Central Mountain Range is elevated to species level, as A. aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001. The highest altitude record so far for the exotic Eukerria saltensis (Beddard, 1895) in Taiwan, 2200 m above sea level, is documented. Moreover, some recent assignments of species to Amynthas and Metaphire and synonymies of names are critically discussed. It is argued that idiosyncratic genus concepts, inadequate species comparisons, and unexplained synonymies should be avoided. A hitherto undetected and possibly monophyletic species group of mainly Korean Amynthas species in the A. tokioensis-group is indicated, characterized by numerous genital papillae around each spermathecal pore and male porophore, large ampullae, long diverticula, large prostate glands, and manicate intestinal caeca. The names A. bimaculata, A. silvatica and A. surcata (Ishizuka, 1999), as well as A. odaesanensis, A. righii, A. fasciiformis, and A. sanchongensis Hong & James, 2001, previously declared as junior synonyms of A. tappensis (Ohfuchi, 1935), are revalidated.

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“…As a result, species in the formosae species group were assigned to Amynthas and Metaphire by James and Blakemore, respectively. We follow the conventional practice of assigning species in the formosae species group to Metaphire (Chang & Chen 2004, 2005aTsai et al 2000Tsai et al , 2003Tsai et al , 2004, but recognize the different forms of copulatory pouches presented by Easton (1979) and James (James 2005;James et al 2005), particularly the intramural and intracoelomic ones. Furthermore, we doubt that the assignment of species with the intramural form and the various "degradations" of both forms to either Amynthas or Metaphire is satisfying regarding preserving information of character states and evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan

Chang

Chuang

et al. 2014

Zootaxa

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The Metaphire formosae species group is a member of the Pheretima complex of the family Megascolecidae. It is composed of 12 nominal taxa, Metaphire bununa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire feijani Chang & Chen, 2004, Metaphire formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Metaphire glareosa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire nanaoensis Chang & Chen, 2005, Metaphire paiwanna paiwanna Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire paiwanna hengchunensis (James et al., 2005), Metaphire paiwanna liliumfordi Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire tahanmonta Chang & Chen, 2005, Metaphire taiwanensis Tsai et al., 2004, Metaphire trutina Tsai et al., 2003, and Metaphire yuhsi (Tsai, 1964). In this study, we describe a new species, Metaphire tengjhihensis sp. nov., and two new subspecies, Metaphire nanaoensis truku ssp. nov. and Metaphire taiwanensis tsaii ssp. nov., belonging to this species group. DNA barcodes (partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, COI) from type specimens of M. feijani, M. tengjhihensis sp. nov., M. nanaoensis truku ssp. nov., M. tahanmonta and M. taiwanensis tsaii ssp. nov. have been deposited in GenBank in previous studies and are explicitly linked to the type specimens for the first time, enabling unambiguous identification using both morphology and DNA barcodes. Finally, we comment on the systematics of the M. formosae species group and suggest an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and DNA barcodes for future descriptions of new species of Amynthas and Metaphire.

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A new gigantic earthworm of the genusMetaphireSims and Easton (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan with reference to evolutional trends in body sizes and segment numbers of thePheretimagenus-group

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Three new species of octothecate pheretimoid earthworms from Taiwan, with discussion on the biogeography of related species

Three new species of octothecate pheretimoid earthworms from Taiwan, with discussion on the biogeography of related species

Two new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan, with comments on some recent species assignments in Amynthas and Metaphire

New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan

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