“…To overcome these insufficiencies, the second meta‐heuristic optimisation techniques have been introduced to solve the various ED problems. The recent state‐of‐the art literatures published in 2012 in the area of second group are GA‐API [1], modified group search optimiser (MGSO) [10], Firefly algorithm (FA) [11], iteration particle swarm optimisation with time varying acceleration coefficients (IPSO‐TVAC) [12], improved PSO (IPSO) [13], continuous quick group search optimiser (CQGSO) [14], differential harmony search (DHS) [15], modified PSO [16], fuzzy adaptive chaotic ant swarm optimisation (FCASO) [17], augmented Lagrange hopfield network (ALHN) [18], hybrid chaotic PSO and sequential quadratic programming (CPSO‐SQP) [19], seeker optimisation algorithm (SOA) [20], enhanced augmented Lagrange hopfield network (EALHN) [21], hybrid accelerated biogeography‐based optimisation and modified differential evolution (aBBOmDE) [22] and a new gumption approach [23]. The solution to the ED problems using these meta‐heuristic optimisation methods proposed in the aforementioned literatures consumes huge executing time.…”