A New Gyro-Based Method for Quantifying Eyelid Motion

Marcelli, Emanuela; Cavallari, Paolo; Frigerio, Alice; Colletti, Giacomo; Biglioli, Federico; Fanti, Roberta; Plicchi, Gianni; Cercenelli, Laura

doi:10.5301/ijao.5000178

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In closed-loop methods, the system detects eye blink -related signals from the healthy side of the face in order to trigger concurrent blink on the paralyzed side eye. The measurement methods include, for example, electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and the use of infrared (IR) emitter-sensor pair or gyroscopic sensor in detecting eye closure [3,4,5,6]. Previous studies have shown that stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle and/or facial nerve branches using transcutaneous electrodes can be useful in restoring eye blink in about 50% of the cases [7].…”

Section: A Facial Pacing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Eye Blink Pacemaker - A First Investigation into the Blink Production Using Constant-Interval Electrical Stimulation

et al. 2017

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Facial paralysis due to damage of the facial nerve affects the function of facial muscles, including the muscles responsible for eye blinking. The absence of the eye blink can lead to severe and permanent corneal damage as the protection and lubrication of the eye is decreased. Thus, it would be highly important to provide an aid to sustain the eye health. The present aim was to study the effects of long-term electrical eye blink stimulation using a facial stimulation prototype. Five healthy participants watched a movie for 78 minutes, while the eye blinks were produced to their left eye by pre-programmed, timer-triggered blink stimulation at fixed intervals. We analyzed the functionality of the stimulation prototype, potential changes in the quality of the produced blinks, and the ratings of experiences in terms of pain, discomfort, and naturalness. We also analyzed the acuity of vision before and after the stimulation. The results showed that the stimulated eye blink was rated as not painful, somewhat uncomfortable, and slightly unnatural. With three participants the stimulation evoked a full eye closure throughout the study, and with two participants, the stimulation evoked partial blink after some time. Further, on four of the cases, the vision of the stimulated eye was better after the movie than before it. The participants told that the stimulation did not disturb the movie watching. As the findings were promising, the next steps include more comprehensive tests both with intact participants and with persons having an acute facial paralysis.

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Section: A Facial Pacing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Eye Blink Pacemaker - A First Investigation into the Blink Production Using Constant-Interval Electrical Stimulation

et al. 2017

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“…The most frequently proposed method for non-invasively detecting blink on the intact side is through skin surface electromyographic (EMG) recording of the orbicularis oculi muscle 4–7 , followed by detection of periocular tissue movements through gyroscopes 8 or accelerometers. 9 Although these approaches demonstrate promise for accurately detecting blinks, they require placement of sensors on the face surface, which complicates device use and potentially influences dynamics of healthy blinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared-Based Blink-Detecting Glasses for Facial Pacing

Frigerio

Hadlock

Murray

et al. 2014

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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“…A measure of 0.3% of American and Western European people suffer from facial nerve palsy (FNP) every year [ 1 , 2 ]. FNP and Bell palsy can lead to ptosis, and consequently, loss of eyelid movement, blinking disruption, and corneal damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites with Nanocomposite Electrodes for Restoring Eyelid Movement of Patients with Ptosis

et al. 2023

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The present study aims to use enhanced ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) as an artificial muscle (a soft-active actuator) to restore eyelid movement of patients with ptosis. The previous eyelid movement mechanisms contained drawbacks, specifically in the lower eyelid. We used finite element analysis (FEA) to find the optimal mechanism among two different models (A and B). In addition to common electrodes of IPMC (gold and platinum), the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) polymers, with optimal weight percentages of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofiller, were also utilized as non-metallic electrodes to improve the efficiency of the IPMC actuator. In both models, IPMC with nanocomposite electrodes had higher efficiency as compared to the metallic electrodes. In model A, which moved eyelids indirectly, IPMC with MCC-CNT electrode generated a higher force (25.4%) and less stress (5.9 times) as compared to IPMC with BSA-CNT electrode. However, the use of model A (even with IPMCs) with nanocomposite electrodes can have limitations such as possible malposition issues in the eyelids (especially lower). IPMC with MCC-CNT nanocomposite electrode under model B, which moved eyelids directly, was the most efficient option to restore eyelid movement. It led to higher displacements and lower mechanical stress damage as compared to the BSA-CNT. This finding may provide surgeons with valuable data to open a window in the treatment of patients with ptosis.

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A New Gyro-Based Method for Quantifying Eyelid Motion

Abstract: The new gyro-based method proved to be a valuable tool to provide dynamic and real-time quantification of eyelid motions. It could be particularly useful for evaluating the effective and natural-like eyeblink restoration provided by ES.

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Artificial Eye Blink Pacemaker - A First Investigation into the Blink Production Using Constant-Interval Electrical Stimulation

Artificial Eye Blink Pacemaker - A First Investigation into the Blink Production Using Constant-Interval Electrical Stimulation

Infrared-Based Blink-Detecting Glasses for Facial Pacing

Enhanced Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites with Nanocomposite Electrodes for Restoring Eyelid Movement of Patients with Ptosis

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