A new heterologous fibrin sealant as a scaffold to cartilage repair—Experimental study and preliminary results

Abstract

Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. It presents the potential to be used as a biomaterial to help repair skin lesions or control bleeding, and it may also be used as a scaffold when applied together with various cell types. The intralesional use of the fibrin gel from the venom of this snake may improve surgical and clinical treatments in addition to being inexpensive and adequately consistent, durable, and stable. The new heterologous fibrin sealant is a scaffold candidate to cartilage repair in this study.

Heterologous fibrin sealant derived from snake venom: from bench to bedside – an overview

“…Standardized for over 20 years by a consortium of Brazilian researchers, several preclinical studies and clinical trials have already been completed. Thus, preclinical trials applying the product in the peripheral nervous and musculoskeletal systems [46–56] and as a scaffold for stem cells have been studied extensively [57–60]. Trials in plastic surgery skin repair [61], periodontal surgery [62–64] and in chronic venous ulcers have also been performed [41, 65].…”

A unique heterologous fibrin sealant (HFS) as a candidate biological scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rats

“…Surface markers were used to determine the ratio of MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells in the culture after three passages, and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur; BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA). Positive and negative markers (monoclonal antibodies) for 2 × 10 5 MSCs included the following: CD73 (purified mouse anti-rat CD73; clone 5 F/B9, BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA); CD90 (anti-CD90/Thy1-FITC, clone FITC.MRC OX-7; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); CD44 (anti-CD44-PE, clone OX-50; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); ICAM-I (anti-ICAM-I-FITC, clone 1A29; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); RT1 (anti-RT1-Aw2-FITC, clone MRC OX-18; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); CD34 (anti-CD34-PE, clone ICO-115; Abcam, Cambridge, MA,USA); CD11b (anti-CD11b-PE, clone ED8; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); CD45 (anti-CD45-FITC, clone MRC OX-1; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); and MHCII (anti-rat MHC CLASS II RT1D-PE, clone MRC OX-17; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) [ 38 – 41 ]. The isotype controls were secondary antibody anti-mouse IgG, isotype control IgG1-FITC, isotype control IgG1-PE, and MSCs.…”

The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee

“…Different scaffolds have been designed as the delivery system for the repair of articular cartilage. The different scaffolds which can be used are either made of poly-lactic-coglycolic acids (PLGA) [115], collagen [116], gelatin [117], tricalcium (TCP) [118], poly-lactic acid (PLA) [115], hyaluronic acid (HA) [119], poly-glycolic acid (PGA), or fibrin glue [120]. HA has been used frequently for implantation of MSCs into the joint.…”