“…Optimal-solution searching by HCA was compared with those of other well-known algorithms, namely, an ACO algorithm combined with fast opposite gradient search (FOGS-ACO) [39], a genetic simulated annealing ant colony system with PSO (GSAACS-PSO) [40], an improved discrete bat algorithm (IBA) [27], set-based PSO (S-CLPSO) [41], a modified discrete PSO with a newly introduced mutation factor C3 (C3D-PSO); results taken from [23], an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm with greedy search (ASA-GS) [11], the firefly algorithm (FA) [42], a hybrid ACO enhanced with dual NN (ACOMAC-DNN) [43], a discrete PSO (DPSO) [26], a self-organizing neural network using the immune system (ABNET-TSP) [44], and an improved discrete cuckoo search algorithm (IDCS) [45]. Table 10 summarizes the comparison results.…”