“…As a result, the damping coefficient in ( 2 ) is a nonlinear damping coefficient. Table 1 compares such existing hyperchaotic snap systems [ 7 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and shows that they do not exhibit conservative chaos, where ( to ) are tuning parameters and ( to ), , ( to ), ( , , ), and ( , ) are constants, all of which are not equal to one. Note that is described in Section 2.4 .…”